Chapter 27: The Reproductive System Flashcards | Uncategorized

Sperm Slide

Testis slide

Testis Slide

Seminiferous Slide

Ovary Slide

Primary Follicle Slide

Primary Follicle

Secondary Follicle slide

Follicle Slide

Corpus Luteum of Ovary

Layers of the Uterus

Uterus Slide

Perimetrium layer of Uterus

Myometrium layer of the uterus

Myometrium layer of the Uterus

Endometrium layer of the Uterus

Mammary gland

Lactiferous Ducts of mammary gland

Secretory Alveoli of Mammary gland

Male structures

Uterus

Ovary structures and follicles

Female structures

Female Structures

What part of the female duct system is the usual site of
fertilization of the ovulated oocyte?

uterine (fallopian) tube (oviduct)

T/F: Gametes are produced in meiosis

TRUE

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces ___.

4 haploid cells

During PROPHASE I of meiosis ___.

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

What is the correct order of Meiosis?

Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Cytokinesis
Meiosis II

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places.
This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key
feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occu

Prophase I

The constancy of the chromosome number from one generation to the
next is maintained through ________.

Meiosis

Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to
continue the pool of dividing germ cells?

Type A daughter cell or spermatogonium

Which hormone promotes the formation of secondary sex characteristics
such as the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, enhanced
hair growth on the chest, and a deepening voice?

Testosterone

Homologous Chromosomes

Although effective in treating erectile dysfunction, Viagra has the
side effect of reducing systemic blood pressure by causing ______.

relaxation of muscle tissue in arteries

During what phase of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle is the
uterine lining shed?

Menstrual Phase

Which of the following will occur after ovulation?
A) The corpus luteum prepares to become a corpus albicans.
B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.
C) The secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropins is enhanced.
D) The corpus luteum secretes estrogen only.

B) The endometrium enters its secretory phase.

During the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle ________.
A) LH reaches its highest levels
B) the Graafian follicle forms
C) progesterone levels are at their highest
D) estrogen reaches its highest levels

C) progesterone levels are at their highest

Which of the following organs is NOT a part of the HPG axis?
A) posterior pituitary gland
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) testis
D) hypothalamus

A) posterior pituitary gland

Phases of Meiosis

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are
true except ________.
A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
B) estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular
phase of the cycle
C) a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation
D) the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation

A) FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

Which of the following is an INCORRECT matching of female
reproductive structures with their functions?
A) uterus/the womb (area of development of the fetus)
B) ovarian follicle/ovum (egg) production
C) uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal
from the body
D) vagina/birth canal

C) uterine tube/transport unfertilized ovum to uterus for removal
from the body

What event occurs during the proliferative phase?
A) stratum functionalis is shed
B) menstruation
C) ovulation
D) enrichment of the blood supply and glandular secretions prepare
for reception of an embryo

C) Ovulation

Why does only one egg, rather than four eggs, develop during
oogenesis, given that spermatogenesis results in four sperm formed
from one stem cell?
A) Only one egg can be fertilized at a time.
B) The egg does not go through the meiotic division processes that
the sperm undergo.
C) The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and
three polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients
for its journey to the uterus.
D) Actually, gametogenesis (oogenesis in the female and
spermatogenesis in the male) produces four eggs and four sperm.

C) The unequal cytoplasmic division that results in one egg and three
polar bodies ensures that a fertilized egg has ample nutrients for its
journey to the uterus

If embryonic testes do not produce testosterone, a genetic male
develops female external genitalia. However, if embryonic testes
properly produce testosterone, but a genetic male nevertheless
develops female external genitalia, the cause could be ______.
A) a mutation in the gene that codes for development of the
paramesonephric ducts
B) a mutation in the gene that codes for the testosterone receptor
C) hyposecretion of MIF
D) hypersecretion of MIF

B) a mutation in the gene that codes for the testosterone receptor

Which hormone is absolutely necessary for ovulation to occur?
A) FSH
B) estrogen
C) LH
D) progesterone

C) LH (luteinizing hormone)

What is the function of the blood testis barrier?
A) to provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm
B) to filter out male sex hormones
C) to ensure that semen only contains sperm and seminal fluid
D) to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against
the developing sperm

D) to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the
developing sperm

Which of the following occurs during spermiogenesis?
A) spermatids are produced
B) sustentacular cells are produced
C) sperm are produced
D) spermatogonia are produced

C) sperm are produced

Sperm

Which of the following cells is released during ovulation?
A) ovum
B) secondary oocyte
C) oogonium
D) primary oocyte

B) Secondary oocyte

How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis?
A) one functional gamete
B) two functional gametes
C) three functional gametes
D) four functional gametes

A) one functional gamete

Which of the choices below is not a part of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?
A) interstitial endocrine cells
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus

C) thalamus

A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation.

luteinizing hormone (LH)

During meiosis, what does crossover promote?
A) Crossover promotes a reduction in the number of cells produced.
B) Crossover promotes the production of genetically identical gametes.
C) Crossover promotes a reduction in the number of chromosomes.
D) Crossover promotes increased genetic variability among gametes.

D) Crossover promotes increased genetic variability among gametes.

Uterus structures

Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the
volume of semen?

The seminal glands

In cervical cancer, which cancer cells that cover the cervical tip
are most likely to be abnormal?
A) columnar epithelial cells
B) squamous epithelial cells
C) cuboidal epithelial cells
D) transitional epithelial cells

B) squamous epithelial cells

What is the pigmented ring of skin situated slightly below the center
of each breast?

Areola

A varicocele may hinder blood flow through the pampiniform venous
plexus; the reduced venous drainage and the resulting elevated
testicular temperature may be caused by ______.
A) defective venous valves in the testis
B) elevated systemic arterial blood pressure
C) elevated core body temperature
D) reduced testicular arterial blood flow

A) defective venous valves in the testes

Which male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine?

Urethra

Male accessory ducts

The primary function of the uterus is to ________.

receive, retain and nourish a fertilized ovum

Meiosis

Why CAN'T polar bodies be fertilized?
A) Polar bodies have too few chromosomes.
B) Polar bodies can be fertilized, resulting in the formation of
fraternal twins.
C) Polar bodies are diploid.
D) Polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm.

D) polar bodies lack nutrient-containing cytoplasm

Which of these statements about sexually transmitted infections is false?
A) Chlamydia is caused by bacteria that can often be asymptomatic or
bring on a wide variety of symptoms.
B) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.
C) Genital herpes is caused by a virus that may cause intermittent lesions.
D) Gonorrhea is caused by a bacterium that can bring on painful
discharges in males.

B) Syphilis is caused by a virus that may lead to death if untreated.

Nondisjunction may occur due to ______.
A) failure of sister chromatids to separate properly during anaphase II
B) failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during
anaphase I
C) failure of centromeres to split apart properly during meiosis II
D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D) All listed responses are correct.

Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord?
A) rete testis
B) epididymis
C) testicular arteries and veins
D) seminiferous tubules

C) testicular arteries and veins

Male structures

Which is not a part of the proliferative phase of the female
menstrual cycle?
A) development of endometrial cells
B) vesicular follicle growth
C) late in this phase, cervical mucus becomes thin and crystalline
D) corpus luteum

D) corpus luteum

Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone?
A) spermatogenic cells
B) interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells
C) sustentocytes (Sertoli cells)
D) myoid cells

B) interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells

Human egg and sperm are similar in that ___.

they have the same number of chromosomes.

The __________, a layer of the endometrium, is shed during each
menstruation and is then regenerated by the _________

Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis

During vasectomy, what accessory duct is cut as a form of birth control?

Ductus (vas) Deferens

T/F: Viable sperm production is optimal at the body's core temperature.

FALSE

Which of the choices below is not a function of testosterone?
A) stimulates protein synthesis
B) stimulates mammary gland development
C) stimulates the male pattern of development
D) contributes to male sexual behavior and spermatogenesis

B) stimulates mammary gland development

The most important risk for testicular cancer in young males is ________.

undescended testes

Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation?

The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

The __________ connects the uterus to the vagina.

Cervix

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
A) parasympathetic nerves
B) the dartos muscle
C) the bulbospongiosus muscles
D) luteinizing hormone

C) the bulbospongiosus muscles

External Female Structures

Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile
tissue like the penis?

The clitoris

Mitosis

One division consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Produces cells for growth and tissue repiar

Meiosis

Produces Haploid Cells
Occurs in 2 stages
Forms Tetrads
Produces 4 daughter cells

Genetic variation of individual chromosomes occurs during __________.

Prophase I

T/F: The ovaries are situated in the peritoneal cavity flanking the uterus.

TRUE

Which of the following female structures is homologous to the male scrotum?
A) clitoris
B) vagina
C) labia majora
D) labia minora

C) labia majora

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult
would cause ________.
A) shrinkage of the anterior pituitary gland
B) decreased testosterone secretion
C) increased spermatogenesis
D) excessive beard growth

B) decreased testosterone secretion

Structures of the male testes

Which of the following results from spermiogenesis?
A) spermatogonium or Type A daughter cell
B) Secondary spermatocyte
C) Spermatid
D) Sperm

D) Sperm

Why does meiosis involve 2 nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis?

Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.

Select the correct statement about the hormonal events of the ovarian cycle.
A) The follicle begins to secrete progesterone in response to
estrogen stimulation.
B) The LH surge stimulates further development of the secondary oocyte.
C) Rising levels of estrogen start follicle development.
D) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.

D) High estrogen levels result in a surge of LH release.

A 38-year-old male is upset about his low sperm count and visits a
"practitioner" who commonly advertises his miracle cures of
sterility. The practitioner is a quack who treats conditions of low
sperm count with megadoses of testosterone. The patient experiences a
huge surge in libido. Would this treatment result in a higher or lower
sperm count, and why?

Lower sperm count. High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of
GnRH, inhibiting FSH release, resulting in direct inhibition of spermatogenesis.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the mammary
glands of both males and females?
A) All lumps identified in breast tissue are malignant.
B) The only time hormones target breast tissue is during pregnancy
and lactation.
C) Both sexes are equally prone to breast cancer.
D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually
part of the integumentary system.

D) The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are actually
part of the integumentary system.

Which of the following is an effect of estrogen in females?
A) Promotes oogenesis
B) Promotes water loss (diuresis)
C) Promotes lactation
D) Suppresses the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A) Promotes Oogenesis

What is the product of spermatogenesis?
A) capacitation of the spermatozoa
B) development of the male reproductive organs
C) formation of semen
D) formation of haploid spermatozoa

D) Formation of haploid spermatozoa

What are the two fatty, hair-covered skin folds that run posteriorly
from the mons pubis?
A) greater vestibular glands
B) labia minora
C) labia majora
D) clitoris

C) labia majora

T/F: Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized.

TRUE

Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted bacterial disease?
A) Chlamydia
B) Genital Herpes
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis

B) Genital Herpes

Genital Warts

Human Papillomavirus

Syphilis

Treponema Pallidum

Gonorrhea

Urethritis in males

Genital Herpes

Human Herpes Virus Type 2

Chlamydia

Organism responsible for up to half of the diagnosed cases of pelvic
inflammatory disease

The mammary glands belong to which system?

The Integumentary System

Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the
__________ of the sperm cell.
A) mitochondria
B) midpiece
C) acrosome
D) tail

C) acrosome

Effects of estrogen include ________.
A) eepening of the voice
B) increased oiliness of the skin
C) growth of the larynx
D) growth of the breasts at puberty

D) growth of the breasts at puberty

The ability of sperm cells to move along the ductus deferens is due
to ________.

peristaltic contractions

Which of the following statements about the female reproductive
process is not true?
A) Fertilization usually occurs in the uterine tubes.
B) The monthly discharge of the uterus (menses) is initiated by the
decrease in secretion of female hormones.
C) Ovulation usually occurs 14 days after the beginning of menses.
D) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin.

D) Rebuilding the endometrium is under the control of prolactin

Fertilization usually occurs in the ___.

Uterine Tubes