In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes
was used?
Answers:
replication and dedifferentiation of adult stem cells from
sheep bone marrow separation of an early stage sheep
blastula into separate cells, one of which was incubated in a
surrogate ewe fusion of an adult cell's nucleus with an
enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate
isolation of stem cells from a lamb embryo and production of a
zygote equivalent

3

Which of the following is one of the technical reasons why gene
therapy is problematic?
Answers:
Most cells with an engineered gene do not produce gene
product. Cells with transferred genes are unlikely to
replicate. Transferred genes may not have appropriately
controlled activity. mRNA from transferred genes cannot be
translated.

3

Reproductive cloning of human embryos is generally considered
unethical. However, on the subject of therapeutic cloning there is a
wider divergence of opinion. Which of the following is a likely explanation?
Answers:
The use of adult stem cells is likely to produce more cell
types than the use of embryonic stem cells. Cloning to
produce embryonic stem cells may lead to great medical benefits for
many. Cloning to produce stem cells relies on a different
initial procedure than reproductive cloning. A clone that
lives until the blastocyst stage does not yet have human DNA.

2

In animals, what is the difference between reproductive cloning and
therapeutic cloning?
Answers:
Reproductive cloning uses totipotent cells, whereas
therapeutic cloning does not. Reproductive cloning uses
embryonic stem cells, whereas therapeutic cloning does not.
Therapeutic cloning uses nuclei of adult cells transplanted into
enucleated nonfertilized eggs. Therapeutic cloning supplies
cells for repair of diseased or injured organs.

4

Gene therapy requires _____.
Answers:
knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the
defective gene the ability to introduce the normal allele
into the patient the ability to express the introduced gene
at the correct level, time, and tissue site within the patient
knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the defective
gene, an ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient,
and an ability to express the introduced gene at the correct level,
and time, and tissue site within the patient

4

Which of the following problems with animal cloning might result in
premature death of the clones?
Answers:
use of pluripotent instead of totipotent stem cells
use of nuclear DNA as well as mtDNA abnormal gene
regulation due to variant methylation the indefinite
replication of totipotent stem cells

3

The first cloned cat, called Carbon Copy, was a calico, but she
looked significantly different from her female parent because _____.
Answers:
the cloning was done poorly and it was likely that some
contaminating cat DNA became part of Carbon Copy�s genome
fur color genes in cats is determined by differential
acetylation patterns cloned animals have been found to have
a higher frequency of transposon activation X inactivation
in the embryo is random and produces different patterns

4

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including
precipitation and temperature, over most of the Earth will become more
variable. Which of the following is a good crop genetic engineering
strategy if this is true?
Answers:
Only plant crops that are genetically engineered.
Genetically engineer most crops to withstand very long
droughts. Genetically engineer several genotypes within
single crop types. Genetically engineer the fastest growing
crops possible.

3

Genetically engineered plants _____.
Answers:
are more difficult to develop than genetically engineered
animals include transgenic rice plants that can grow in water
of high salinity are used in research but not yet in
commercial agricultural production are banned throughout
the world

2

One possible use of transgenic plants is in the production of human
proteins, such as vaccines. Which of the following is a possible
hindrance that must be overcome?
Answers:
prevention of transmission of plant allergens to the vaccine
recipients prevention of vaccine-containing plants being
consumed by insects use of plant cells to translate
non-plant-derived mRNA inability of the human digestive
system to accept plant-derived protein

1