The complete infective form of a virus outside a host cell
What is a Virion?
Infectious agents that went through bacterial filters, and were too
small to be seen by with the aid of a light microscope were named viruses
Infectious agents that went through bacterial filters, and were too
small to be seen by with the aid of a light microscope were named viruses
Infectious agents that were too small to be trapped by bacteria
filters, and infected bacteria cells were called bacteriophages
Infectious agents that were too small to be trapped by bacteria
filters, and infected bacteria cells were called bacteriophages
Large viruses are as large as the smallest of bacteria
Large viruses are as large as the smallest of bacteria
All viruses are parasites of living cells
All viruses are parasites of living cells
protein subunits that make up the viral protein core
What is a capsomere?
lipid covering outside the protein coat, not of viral origin
What is an envelope?
viral proteins embedded in the viral envelope
What are spikes
protein coat and nucleic acid
What is a nucleocapsid
naked viruses are more resistant to disinfectants
naked viruses are more resistant to disinfectants
The lipid envelope and nucleic acid core
ARE NOT Antigenic
The lipid envelope and nucleic acid core ARE NOT Antigenic
A virus will never have
Ribosomal RNA
Which is the name of the shape of a viral capsid?
icosahedral
The first criteria to classify viruses are:
nature of host, and nucleic acid genome
Which name indicates a viral genus?
polyovirus
cause gastroenteritis, an example is the polyovirus
Enteric viruses
Inhaled via respiratory droplets, adenovirus is an example
Respiratory Virus
transmitted via a vector. Rabies virus is an example of this type of viruses
Zoonotic viruses
Type of zoonotic virus in which the vector is an arthropode, the
yellow fever virus is an example.
Arbovirus
cause STD's, HIV is an example
Sexually transmitted
During the lytic bacteriophage life cycle, ealy proteins...
destroy host 's DNA, modify host's RNA polymerase to recognize viral promoters
The viral DNA is introduced into the chromosomal DNA of the host
What is lysogenic infections.
excision of the prophage triggered by DNA damage
Induction
bacteria infected with a temperate phage is immune to attack by a
second bacteriophage of the same type.
lysogenic immunity
bacteriophage acquires new characteristics when prophage carries
chromosomal genes from the previous host, and inserts these genes into
the new host.
lysogenic conversion
Transfers to a new host genes adjacent to the specific place in the
previous host chromosome where the prophage integrated.
specialized transduction
Zones of clearing in a plate inoculated with a lawn of bacteria, and
a bacteriophage are called plaques. Each zone of clearing represents a PFU,
Zones of clearing in a plate inoculated with a lawn of bacteria, and
a bacteriophage are called plaques. Each zone of clearing represents a PFU,
Which is a mechanism used by animal viruses to enter the host cell
Membrane Fusion
Replicates in the nucleus of the cell
DNA Virus
Replicates in the cytoplasm of the cell
RNA Virus
RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus of the cell
Retrovirus
Cellular enzyme that replicates the virus in the nucleus
DNA polymerase
These viral enzymes replicate RNA viruses.
replicases
This viral enzyme replicates the virus in the nucleus, making a
single stranded viral DNA called cDNA
Reverse transcriptase
Enveloped viruses are released by the host cell by
Budding
Animal cells can fight viral infections with the use of antiviral
proteins like
interferon AND Anti- Bodies
productive infection, providing long lasting immunity
Acute
Provirus present inside host cells. Viral particles cannot be
detected in host's fluids unless viral infection is active
Persistent latent infection
Viral particles are detected at all times, viral infection damages
host slowly over a long period of time
Persistent, chronic infections
can result in persistent, chronic infections
HCV and HBV
Some cancers are caused by DNA viruses that disrupt or introduce
oncogenes in the genome of the host DNA
Some cancers are caused by DNA viruses that disrupt or introduce
oncogenes in the genome of the host DNA
cold sores
HSV1
genital herpes
HSV2
chickenpox, and herpes zoster
HSV3
Mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, chronic
fatigue syndrome
HSV 4
cytomegalovirus, CMV infecitons
HSV5
Kaposis sarcoma
HSV8
Retrovirus, causes a persistent, slow viral infection. Uses reverse
transcriptase to replicate its genome.
HIV
Retrovirus, causes a form of leukemia.
HTLV-1 and HTLV-2
Hepatitis virus which most of the time results in a chronic viral
infection of the liver, which may lead to liver cancer
HCV
DNA hepatitis virus which most of the time causes an acute infection.
It may cause a persistent chronic viral infection in some patients.
HBV
RNA virus that causes infectious hepatitis, an acute form of hepatitis
HAV
Which of the following viral infections can be prevented by a vaccine?
A)HAVB)HCVC)HBVD)HSV3
All are correct