Which of the following statements regarding the lobster circulatory
system is false?
a. All vessels connected to the heart are arteries.
b. Hemolymph returns through holes in the heart called ostia.
c. The primary force that refills the heart is elastic rebound.
d. The heart is suspended within an array of suspensory ligaments in
the pericardial sinus.
e. There is a clear distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.
e. There is a clear distinction between blood and interstitial fluid.
Which of the arrows in the figure is showing air movement during
inhalation incorrectly?
a. C
b. E
c. A
d. B
e. D
d. B
An ionic U/P ratio that is greater than 1 indicates that the urine contains
a. less sodium compared to the plasma.
b. more sodium compared to the plasma.
c. more sodium compared to the plasma, however, the concentration is equal.
d. no sodium.
e. the same amount of sodium as the plasma does.
b. more sodium compared to the plasma.
Freshwater animals tend to passively
a. gain water and lose ions.
b. lose water and gain ions.
c. gain water and ions.
d. lose water in certain locations and gain water in other locations.
e. lose water and ions.
a. gain water and lose ions.
According to the Poiseuille equation, which of the following does
notdirectly affect blood flow rate?
a. Temperature of the tube
b. Radius of the lumen of the tube
c. Length of the tube
d. Viscosity of the fluid
e. Pressure at the entry of the tube
a. Temperature of the tube
The process that occurs when a gas mixture or an aqueous solution
flows and gas molecules in the gas or liquid phase are carried from
place to place by the fluid flow is called
a. diffusion
b. tidal flow.
c. permeability.
d. partial pressure.
e. convection.
e. convection.
At which temperature will an animal whose body surface temperature is
32�C have the highest rate of condensation?
a. 28�C
b. 35�C
c. 30�C
d. 31�C
e. 25�C
b. 35�C
Urine that is hyposmotic to the blood plasma contains a
a. high amount of solutes and waste product.
b. low amount of water.
c. large amount of water.
d. normal amount of water.
e. None of the above
c. large amount of water.
Henry's law relates _______ in aqueous solutions.
a. pressure and volume
b. temperature and concentration
c. partial pressure and concentration
d. partial pressure and volume
e. pressure, volume, and temperature
c. partial pressure and concentration
The pacemaker of a lobster heart is
a. composed of specialized myocardium that functions as a central
pattern generator.
b. composed of specialized myocardium that functions in a similar
manner to the S-A node.
c. a series of cardiac neurons that all fire action potentials
simultaneously to contract the heart.
d. a posterior cardiac neuron that functions as a cellular
oscillator and central pattern generator.
e. a series of neurons connected to and controlled by the brain.
d. a posterior cardiac neuron that functions as a cellular oscillator
and central pattern generator.
With regard to terrestrial animals, the rate of evaporation
J will increase if the distance of solution from air X
a. does not change in value.
b. increases and then decreases.
c. increases.
d. fluctuates rapidly.
e. decreases.
e. decreases.
CO2 is more easily transferred into water across
respiratory membranes compared to O2 because CO2
a. is more concentrated on the hemoglobin molecule.
b. moves faster.
c. is more soluble in water.
d. has a higher cohesive force.
e. is a smaller molecule.
c. is more soluble in water.
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of external respiration?
a. The process of CO2 production and O2
consumption during aerobic metabolism
b. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the gas
exchange membrane
c. The process by which O2 is transported to the
gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and CO2
is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium
d. Bulk flow (convection) of air or water to and from the
gas-exchange membrane
e. The process by which CO2 is transported to the
gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and O2
is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium
c. The process by which O2 is transported to the
gas-exchange membrane from the environmental medium and CO2
is transported away from the membrane into the environmental medium
The Krogh diffusion coefficient (K) for O2 in air
is _______ K for O2 in water.
a. slightly greater than
b. equal to
c. slightly lower than
d. about 200,000 times lower than
e. about 200,000 times greater than
e. about 200,000 times greater than
In the mammalian alveoli, the partial pressure of O2 is
_______ that of atmospheric air and the CO2 partial
pressure is _______ that of atmospheric air.
a. the same as; the same as
b. the same as; higher than
c. lower than; lower than
d. lower than; higher than
e. higher than; lower than
d. lower than; higher than