iridium
extra-terrestrial element
East Pacific Rise
continent is moving on top of Pacific plate
Effects of the subduction of the East Pacific Rise
1) mountains push upward and create the Colorado Plateau
2) Grand Canyon (doesn't come until the Neogene)
3) San Andreas Fault (transform fault between Pacific and NA plates)
4) zone in Nevada and Utah called the Basin Range and Province
5) Columbia River basalt flows
Horst
Mountain range
Grabens
Valley/basins between mountain ranges
During the Paleogene, _______________ and the ____________________
_________________________ formed.
Alaska, Hawaiian Islands
Magma at Yellowstone
very viscous, full of water and gases
Magma in Hawaii
easy flowing lava coming from deep in the mantle
Eruptions at Yellowstone
huge caldera forms and erupts in high explosions, very volatile
First Greenland glacial event
Nebraskan
Second Greenland event
Kansan
Third Greenland event
Illinoisan
Fourth Greenland event
Wisconsinan
These two great lakes were rift valleys millions of years ago
Superior and Ontario
These two great lakes are the shallowest
Michigan and Erie
1.8 million years ago
Big North American glacial event
During the ice age there was ________ volcanism.
little
During the Ice Age, the ________________ _______________ hadn't
formed yet, so the northern hemisphere had very _________ _____________.
Atlantic Conveyor, cold water
During the Ice Age, the buildup of the _________________ interfered
with air flow, which brought about ____________.
Himalayas, monsoons
Three surviving species of bird
1) flightless
2) fish-eating swimmers
3) flight
Where did horses and camels get their start?
North America
type of terror bird that dominated during most of the Cenozoic and
was confined to NA and SA
gastornis
Grass uses ______________ to create _____________
glucose, cellulose
_________ is one of the most adaptable angiosperms
grass
ruminate
constantly eating/regurgitating
better of the two groups of ungulates. even toed.
artiodactyls
odd toed group of ungulates
perissodactyls
meat eating ungulates with hooves. no living examples.
mesonychid
descendant of the mesonychid. ex. porpoises and whales
cetacea
four legged descendant of the mesonychid
pakicetus
short-legged, long spine, aquatic with webbing, descendant of the mesonychid
ambilocetus
Alpha bird during most of the Cenozoic, confined to NA and SA
gastornis
Three surviving families of birds
flightless, fish-eating swimmers, flight
Epochs of the Paleogene period
Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene
Epochs of the Neogene period
Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene/Anthropogene
The first primates occurred in the Late Cretaceous/ Early Paleogene
and were called _____________
prosimians
Prosimians have
#NAME?
During the _________________, a major climactic change occurred in
which everything shifted to drier conditions. This resulted in the
shrinking of tropical rainforests and the formation of larger plains
and savannahs. This restricts the distribution of the _____________.
There is a flux in establishment of ___________ _____________.
Oligocene, prosimians, ocean currents
Human lineage comes from
Africa
man-like" basically monkeys
anthropoids
Anthropoids divide into 3 groups during the ___________. The groups are:
Miocene, ceboidea, cercopithecidea, and homonoids
hominoid found in Africa, Europe, Asia with a small brain and very
ape-like face
dryopithicus
jaw jutting out
prognathus
shorter and small hominid, canines change to become smaller
ramapithicus
common ancestor between chimps and humans
procounsel
hominids
our primate line
ardipithecus
first group of hominids
advantages of bipedalism
height/size intimidating to predators, and it's hands free (probably
for carrying)
australopithecus
first found in south africa