Urinary system

2 kidneys 2 ureters one urinary bladder one urethra
infection prevented by valves that prevent backflow, acidity of
urine, mechanical flushing

female reproductive

two ovaries, two uterine (fallopian tubes)
uterus including cervix, the vagina
external genitals

men reproductive

two testes, accessory glands, penis, epididymis, ductus (vas)
deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

normal microbiota

urinary bladder and upper urinary tract are sterile
lactobacilli in vagina produce hydrogen peroxide, grow on glycogen secretions

urinary system infections

cystitis, urethritis, dylonephritis

cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder

urethritis

inflammation of urethre

dyelonephritis

inflammation of one or both kidneys

cystitis

caused by E.coli, S. saprophyticus
sympt- Dysuria (difficult or painful urination)
pyuria (pus in urine)

Pyelonephritis

usually caused by e. coli
fever, back or flank pain

leptospirosis

leptospira interrogans
dogs and rats carry
contaminated water, urine, most common zoonosis, skin/mucosal contact
sympt - headaches, muscular aches, fever, kidney failure

sexually transmitted infections

prevented by condoms, infections because disease implies signs and symptoms.

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

nonspecific urethritis
Chylamydia trachomatis
sympt - painful urination and watery discharge, in women
complications such as PID

Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID)

polymicrobic usually
N. gonor
C.trachomatis
Salpingitis - infection of uterine tubes (fallopian)
sympt- chronic abdominal pain sterility possible

Genital Warts

HPV
HPV serotype 16 cervical cancer and cancer of penis
get vaccined for it, HPV strain

Fungal
Candidiasis

Candidia albicans
grows of mucosa in mouth, intestinal tract, and genitourinary tract

Trichomoniasis protozoan

Trichomonas vaginalis
found in semen/urine of male carriers
vaginal infection causes irritation and profuse foul green yellow
frothy discharge

TORCH

Tests for antibodies in pregnant women for disease than can cause
birth defects