Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Blood plasma leaves the blood capillaries to becomes interstitial fluid
Lymph capillaries: transport interstitial fluid to blood
Lymph nodes contain:
fixed macrophages
Bcells (Stimulated to produce plasma cells -> antibodies)
T cells
Septicemia
persistant pathogens or their toxins in the blood
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response (mediators are released into the
bloodstream, cytokines, microbe may not even be present in the blood)
Severe Sepsis
Sepsis and decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of one organ
Septic Shock
Sepsis and uncontrollable decrease in blood pressure
Lymphangitis
inflammed lymph vessels accompanying septicemia and septic shock
Gram-negative sepsis
Endotoxin shock
Endotoxins cause blood pressure to decrease
Antibiotics can worsen because kills bacteria, more endotoxin
Gram-positive sepsis
Nosocomial infections
Puerperal Sepsis
Childbirth fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
transmitted from mother to child during birth, physicians and midwives
Bacterial Infections of the Heart
Endocarditis, Subacute bacterial endocarditis, acute bacterial
endocarditis, pericarditis
Endocarditis
inflammation of endocardium (inner layer of heart)
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
heart infection, develops slowly
Acute bacterial endocarditis
heart infection develops rapidly
Pericarditis
inflammation of sac around the heart
Rheumatic Fever
inflammation of heart valves
Tularemia
Francisella tularensis - gram negative rod
Zoonosis
transmitte from rabbits and deer by deer flies
Bacteria reproduce in phagocytes
lymph nodes enlarge
Brucelosis
Undulant Fever
Brucella spp. Gram neg rods that grow in phagocytes
B. abortus - elk, bison, cows
B. SUIS - SWINE
B. melitensis - goats, sheep, and camels
fever spikes on evenings
Transmitted via milk from infected animals or contact with infected animals
Gangrene
Ischemia, necrosis, gangrene, gas gangrene
Ischemia
loss of blood supply to tissue
necrosis
death of tissue
gangrene
death of soft tissue
gas gangrene
clostridium perfringenes, bacteria that grows in necrotic tissue
Systemic diseases caused by bites and scratches
pasteurella multocida, clostridium, bacteroides, fusobacterium,
bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)
Relapsing Fever
slow, Borrelia spp., spirochete (shape)
reservoirs are rodents
vectors are ticks
unlike undulant, this fever relapses slow, undulant up and down fast
Typhus
Rickettsia spp.
obligate intracellular parasite
arthropod vectors
Epidemic typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
rodents
pediculus humanus corporis - human body louse
louse feces are rubbed into bite wound
Spotted Fevers
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Measles
Rocky mountain spotted fever
tickborne typhus, caused by rickettsia rickettsii
measle-like rash except rash appears on palms and soles
Burkitt's lymphoma
Epstein- Barr virus (HHV-4)
Cancer in immunosuppressed and in malaria and AIDS patients
Toxoplasmosis
caused by toxoplasma gondii
ingesting undercooked meat
contact with cat feces
congenital infection - still birth, neurological damage to fetus