Gonads
primary sex organs
Male: testes
Female: ovaries
Gametes
sex cells produced by gonads
Males: sperm
Female: egg
Sex hormones
steroid hormone
Male: androgen
Female: estrogen & progesterone
Zygote
first cell of a new individual; when sperm and egg fuse to form
fertilized egg
Scrotum
sac of skin that hangs outside the root of the penis; allow testes to
be 3 degrees celsius lower than normal body temp.
Midline septum
divides the scrotum
Testes
Testes (plural) Testis ( singular); surrounded by Outer and Inner tunics
Outer tunic
2-layered tunica vaginalis
Inner tunic
Tunica albuginea
Seminiferous tubule
tightly coiled, sperm factories
...
Immature sperm cells enter the epidemic and stored until ejaculation;
if stored too long epithelial cells phagocytize them
Urethra
conveys both urine and semen (different times)
3 portions of Urethra
Prostatic urethra, intermediate part, spongy urethra
Accessory glands of male
produce seminal fluid which is the liquid part of semen
Seminal vesicles
produce 70% of seminal fluid; secretion is alkaline
Prostate
secretion is milky white
Bulbourethral glands
secretion of thick clear mucus that neutralizes urine remaining in urethra
...
Seminal fluid protects sperm form acidic environment from vagina
Prepuce
foreskin; removed w/ circumcision
Sperm travel
seminiferous tubules- epididymis- vas deferens- exits through urethra
...
testis is covered by tunica albuginea
Anatomy of Female
vagina permits menstrual flows and birth canal.
Hymen
thin fold of mucous membrane; covers vaginal opening
Coitus
glands lubricate distal end of vagina
Uterus layers
Endometrium, Myometrium, Serosa
Endometrium
Functional layer- sloughed off at menstruation
Basal layer- retained and regenerated functional layer
Myometrium
enlarged during pregnancy and push fetus out of uterus
Mammary glands
glandular alveoli produces milk
meiosis
chromosomes cut in half
Gametogenesis
meiosis combined w/ maturation of sperm and egg
Homologous chromosomes
egg and sperm chromosomes that carry genre for same traits
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual phases, proliferative state, secretory phase
menstrual phases
sloughing off thick layer of lining of the uterus
Proliferative stage
estrogen causes endometrium to repair; ovulation occurs @ end
Secretory phase
gland increate to secrete nutrients to sustain an embryo
Menopause
loss of estrogen; occurs at 45-55 yrs of age