Gastroferritin is found in the stomach
TRUE
Ferritin is the inactive iron storage molecule
FALSE
Apoferritin transports iron to the liver
FALSE
The acidity of the stomach converts Fe2+ to Fe3+
FALSE
Active iron in hemoglobin is Fe2+
TRUE
Transferrin transports Fe2+ in the blood stream
TRUE
Fe3+ is required hemoglobin to function
FALSE
Gastroferritin transfers Fe2+ to transferrin
TRUE
Fe2+ is also called the ferrous state of iron
TRUE
An RBC's lifespan averages 220 days
FALSE
Bile emulsifies fats in the small intestines
TRUE
Specifically, high biliverdin level result in jaundice
FALSE
The viscosity of blood is 4.5 to 5.5x
TRUE
The viscosity of plasma is 4x
FALSE
The osmolarity of blood is 186-190 mOsm/L
FALSE
Transferrin is an example of a beta-globin
TRUE
The volumes of blood for an average female is 47 +/- 5%
FALSE
Complement proteins are examples of gamma globulins
FALSE
Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria
TRUE
Basophils secrete histamine
TRUE
The tricuspid valve is also called the mitral valve
FALSE
Normal heart rate is 65 beats/min
FALSE
The AV valves prevent backflow of blood into blood vessels
FALSE
An action potential is a rapid change in voltage
TRUE
All veins carry oxygen-poor blood
FALSE
All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
FALSE
Cardiac tamponade results from excess fluid in the pericardial cavity
TRUE
Pericarditis is inflammation of the myocardium
FALSE
RMP of SA node cells is -60 volts
FALSE
Calcium channels open at 40 mVolts
FALSE
In the polarized state, SA cells have a net negative charge
TRUE
The pacemaker of the hear is the AV node
FALSE
At -60mVolts, sodium channels open slowly
TRUE
at -60mVolts potassium channels are closed
TRUE
The pacemaker potential occurs from -60mVolts to -40mVolts
TRUE
Gap junctions prevent separation of cardiomyocytes
FALSE
Desmosomes allow ions to pass from one cardiomyocyte to another
FALSE
The primary energy sources for myocardia is fatty acids
TRUE
A cardiac cycle is ~0.8 seconds
TRUE
The "T" wave in an ECG is a result of ventricular repolarization
TRUE
Lysosomes degrade bacteria only
FALSE
HClO is bleach
TRUE
Lysozymes degrade bacterial cell walls
TRUE
NK cells induce apoptosis
TRUE
Macrophages have TOLL-like receptors
TRUE
Toll-like receptors recognize PAMPS
TRUE
Histamine is a vasoconstrictor
FALSE
Interferon can kill bacteria
FALSE
Gamma interferon is produced by lymphocytes
TRUE
Fibroblasts produce beta-interferon
TRUE
Margination is when WBCs move toward blood vessel wall
TRUE
The classical pathway requires antibody
TRUE
H2O2 is hydrogen peroxide
TRUE
LPF stimulate the proliferation of WBCs
TRUE
Complement B, D, B recognize PAMPS
FALSE
The respiratory burst results in the production of free radicals
TRUE
Opsonization is coating bacterial cells with C3b
TRUE
C3a stimulates the inflammatory response
TRUE
CRP is a specific marker of inflammation
FALSE
Diapedesis is movement of PMNs across the wall of blood vessels
TRUE
First antibody observed in a primary response is IgM
TRUE
First antibody observed in a secondary response is IgM
FALSE
T-killer cells can secrete perforin to destroy cancer cells
TRUE
IgG is involved in hemagglutination of the ABO blood groups
FALSE
IgM is involved in Erythroblastosis fetalis
FALSE
Abnormal adenosine deaminase (ADA) is linked to AIDS
FALSE
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IgM attack IgG
TRUE
Delayed hypersensitivity is mediated by b cells
FALSE
First antibody observed in the secondary response is IgG
TRUE
First antibody observed in the primary response is IgA
FALSE
IgE is produced by mast cells
FALSE
IgE trigger mast cells to produce histamines
TRUE
T-helper cells interact with MHCII proteins on APCs
TRUE
T-cytotoxic (T-killer) cells interact with MHCI
TRUE
In AIDS, a significant decrease in T-helper cells occur
TRUE
In AIDS a significant decrease in CD4+ cells occur
TRUE
IL4 and IL13 stimulate B-cells to release IgE
TRUE
T-cells produce IgE
FALSE
Red blood cells lack MHCI and MHCII
TRUE
Liver cells have MHCII
FALSE
Decrease in temperature increases O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
FALSE
Increase H+ decreases O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
FALSE
Increase in H+ shifts the O2 disassociation curve to the right
TRUE
The least common yet most dangerous lung cancer is small cell
TRUE
BPG is a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation
TRUE
BPG enhances O2 disassociation from hemoglobin
TRUE
Elevated temperature increase BPG levels
FALSE
An increase level of CO2 increases the pH of blood
FALSE
Normal blood pH is between pH 6.35-6.45
FALSE
Increase levels of CO2 lead to acidosis
TRUE
Increased levels of O2 lead to alkalosis
TRUE
Hyperventilation can lead to acidosis
FALSE
Hypoventilation can lead to alkalosis
FALSE
Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood pressure
FALSE
Carotid bodies are chemoreceptors
TRUE
Aortic bodies are chemoreceptors
TRUE
Central chemoreceptors are found in the medulla
FALSE
Blueness of skin is called cyanosis
TRUE
Cyanide can lead to histoxic hypoxia
TRUE
Pneumonia is caused by microbial infections
TRUE
The functional unit of the kidney is called a glomerulus
FALSE
A glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole
FALSE
A glomerulus is drained by an afferent arteriole
FALSE
The vasa recta branches off an efferent arteriole
TRUE
Average blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) is 55 mmHg
TRUE
Average capsular pressure (CP) is 30 mmHg
FALSE
Average colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is 15 mmHg
FALSE
Net filtration pressure is -10 mmHg
FALSE
GFR is the glomerular filtration rate of one kidney
FALSE
If Kf is 20 ml/min, and NFP is normal, the GFR =125 ml/min
FALSE
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain sodium
TRUE
Autoregulation is the same as intrinsic control
TRUE
Myogenic control is an intrinsic mechanism of control
TRUE
Macula densa cells detect low levels of NaCl
FALSE
Mesanglial cells have phagocytic activity
TRUE
Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors and osmoreceptors
TRUE
A potential vasoconstrictor produced by macula densa cells is cAMP
FALSE
Renin is found in macula densa cells
FALSE
Juxtaglomerular cells are innervated by parasympathetic fibers
FALSE
Angiotensin II reduces blood pressure
FALSE
Delta cells of the pancreas produce insulin
FALSE
Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin
TRUE
Alpha cells of the pancreas produce glucagon
TRUE
Glucagon reduces blood sugar levels
FALSE
Insulin raises blood glucose levels
FALSE
Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries that absorb fats
TRUE
Regarding bile, only bile salts and phospholipids function in digestion
TRUE
Bile is a fat emuslifier
TRUE
Sercobilin imparts the brown color to stool
TRUE
Cholescytokinin constricts the hepatopancreatic sphincter
FALSE
Secretin causes the release of bile
TRUE
Pancreatic amylase digests fats and cholesterol
FALSE
SGLT is a sodium maltose transporter
TRUE
Protein digestion initiates in the stomach
TRUE
Emulsification droplets contain bile acids and lecithin
TRUE
Bile acids contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
TRUE
Chylomicrons are absorbed by the intestinal epithelial
FALSE
Micelles are absorbed by lacteals
FALSE
Haustral contractions are rapid and powerful contractions
FALSE
The external anal phincter is composed of smooth muschles
FALSE
It is necessary for the testes to be kept below body temperature
TRUE
Ovarian follicles contain mature eggs
FALSE
A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
FALSE
The male urethra serves the urinary system only
FALSE
Failure to attain erection is called impotence
TRUE
Ovulation occurs near the end of the ovarian cycle
FALSE
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone only
FALSE
GnRH is produced by the pituitary gland
FALSE
The primary function of the testes is to produce testosterone
FALSE
The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium
TRUE
The primary function of the ovary is to produce LH
FALSE
High LH and estrogen levels are required for ovulation
TRUE
Menopause is cessation of the menstrual cycle
TRUE
Sperm is produced in the epidydimis
FALSE
Sperm is stored in the seminiferous tubules
FALSE
The endometrium is fed by the spiral arteries
TRUE
The vulva is the female internal reproductive structures
FALSE
Spermine acidifies the vaginal tract
FALSE
The primary energy source for sperm motility is glucose
FALSE
Sustentacular cells produce inhibin
TRUE