The middle "M" of te MMR vaccine stands for __________.

Mumps

Anti-A blood typing serum contains __________-___________ antibodies
and therefore clumps any cells with the A Antigen.

Anti-A

A precipitation reaction begins with a _____ antigen combining with antibody;
It then forms an insoluble precipitate, which is easier to phagocytize.

Soluble

Neutralization refers to the result of antigen-antibody reactions
that eliminate the harmful effects of a virus or a _________.

Toxin

Jonas _________ developed first vaccine against polio, the IPV
(injectable polio vaccine) I 1954;
90% effective

Salk

________-________ class IgM antibodies are naturally occurring in the
plasma of people with blood type B.

Anti-A

The "E" of ELISA stands for __________________.

Enzyme

_______-_______ class IgM antibodies are naturally occurring in the
plasma with people with blood type A.

Anti-B

One use of custom-made monoclonal antibodies is to travel directly to
__________ cells and destroy them.

Cancer

An agglutination reaction begins with a cellular or __________
antigen (such as pollen) combining with antibody;
A clump forms by cross-linking, promoting phagocytosis.

Particulate

A __________ is used to artificially introduce the host to a pathogen;
This is especially helpful when getting the disease is fatal.

Vaccine

The "D" of the DTP vaccine stands for __________________.

Diphtheria

A ________________ wash is used twice during the ELISA procedure to
wash away any antibodies that are not attached permanently.

Buffer

The Rh blood factor (antigen) was discovered in the blood of
___________ monkeys.

Rheus

__________ (killed) vaccines include the IPV (Salk injectable polio
vaccine), rabies, hepatitis A, and anthrax.
The contents of the killed vaccine cannot replicate nor revert to a
dangerous form, but they may also require boosters.

Inactivated

The "I" in ELiSA stands for _________________.

Immunosorbant

A, B, and Rh blood type antigens are found on the surface of _________________.

erythrocytes

An opsonization reaction occurs when antibodies attach to slimy
bacterial ___________ (Ag) making it sticky and bumpy, promoting phagocytosis.

Capsule

In diagnostic immunology, a hemagglutination reaction is used for
blood _______________.

Typing

The ________________ test for syphilis is based on a
complement-fixation reaction.

Wasserman

The ______________ reaction begins with a virus or an exotoxin
antigen combining with antibody;
Antigenic determinants are covered, disarming the antigen.

Neutralization

Anti-Rh blood typing serum contains _______-_______ antibodies and
therefor clumps any cells with the Rh antigen.

Anti-Rh

Passive immunity (both naturally acquired and artificially acquired)
does not produce long-term __________.

Memory

________ shots contain preformed antibodies from someone else;
anti-tetanus, anti-rabies, anti-botulism and the RhoGAM shot are all examples;
Also know as gammaglobulins shots.

AntiSerum

Opsonization of a slimy bacterial capsule makes __________ easier.

Phagocytosis

Artificially acquired active immunity may require periodic _______
shots to maintain good protection.

Booster

An __________ reaction begins with a cellular or particulate antigen
(such as pollen) combining with antibody;
A clump forms by cross-linking , promoting phagocytosis.

Agglutination

In the ELISA test, a __________ is a colorless substrate that turns
color when an enzyme acts on it.

Chromogen

Artificially acquired __________ immunity occurs with an injection of
preformed antibodies (anti-serum) from someone else, and is relatively
short-lived (3 weeks or so);
Anti-tetanus, anti-rabies, anti-botulism, and the RhoGAM shot are
all examples.

Passive

________ are suspensions of microbes (or part of them or their
product) that will induce active artificial immunity in a host.

Vaccines

_________ (inactivated exotoxin) vaccines include those for
diphtheria and tetanus (DPT)

Toxoid

Complement-fixation when a class IgG or IgM antibody combines with a
cellular antigen, which in turn activates he complement cascade;
This causes ______ of the target cell.

Cytolysis

The only way that naturally acquired ________ immunity occurs is
across the placenta, from mother to fetus and in breast milk, from
mother to newborns.

Passive

A ________ test involves monoclonal antibodies detecting HCG (human
chorionic gonadotropin)

Pregnancy

_________ antibodies are pure preparations that exhibit specificity
for a single antigenic determinant;
They are uniform, highly specific, and ale to be produced in high quantities.

Monoclonal

___________ (clumping of red blood cells) is the basis for blood typing;
anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh anti-sera are added to blood drops and
then observed for clumping.

Hemagglutination

Anti-Serum injections are also called __________ shots because they
consist of preformed antibodies.

Gammaglobulins

Antigen-antibody interactions such as agglutination, precipitation,
and opsonization are beneficial because they all promote ______________.

Phagocytosis

To produce monoclonal antibodies, a hybridoma is formed by fusing an
antibody-producing mouse plasma cell with a __________ (cancerous
mouse plasma cell):
Like regular plasma cells, they make a single antibody and like
cancer cells, they proliferate in tissue culture indefinitely.

Myeloma

Blood Typing results are due to _______-antibody reactions.

Antigen

To produce monoclonal antibodies, a hybridoma is formed by fusing n
antibody-producing mouse _________ cell wiht a myeloma (cancerous
mouse _______ cell);
Like regular ________ cell, they make antibodies against a single
antigen and like cancer cells they proliferate in tissue culture indefinitely.

Plasma

The _______ test involves diphthermia exotoxin inoculated into the skin;
A patient with antibodies (previous exposure to diphtheria) has
no reaction, while a patient with antibodies (no
previous exposure to diphtheria) develops a red swollen area.

Schick

The "L" in ELISA stands for ________________.

Linked

Class ____________ antibodies cross the placenta from mother to fetus
during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy.

IgG

____________ vaccines only contain combined pieces of the pathogen
and can't cause disease;
Examples include the pneumococcal vaccine against
Streptococcus penumniae
and the megingococcal vaccine against
Neisseria meningitides.

Conjugate

Artificially acquired _________ immunity occurs by vaccinations;
Antibody production and memory result.

Active

The Schick test involves inoculating a tiny amount of harmful
diphtheria ___________ under the skin;
A patient with no previous exposure to diphtheria has no reaction
because their antibodies neutralized the toxin;
In contrast, a patient without previous exposure to diphtheria
develops inflammation at the inoculation site because there were no
antibodies to neutralize the toxin.

Exotoxins

The "A" in ELISA stands for _____________________.

Assay

Anti-B blood typing serum contains ______-______ antibodies and
therefore clumps any cells with the B antigen.

Anti-B