Anatomy
Stucture
Physiology
Function
Anatomical Positon
person is standing, facing the observer, feet flat on the floor, arms
hanging down by their side, with palms facing forward
Anatomical position allows what:
precise and consistent anatomical references. One body part can be
precisely located relative to the position of another body part.
Proximal
Closer to main body
Distal
Farther away from main body
Dorsal/Posterior
back side
Ventral/Anterior
front side
Superior
above
Inferior
below
Medial
closer to midline
Lateral
farther away from midline
Superficial
closer to surface of body
Deep
farther away from surface of body
Ipsilateral
same side of the body
Contralateral
opposite side of body
Midsagittal
divides body equally right & left
Parasagittal
unequal right & left parts
Frontal(Coronal)
division into front side and back side
Transverse(Horizontal or Cross-Section)
division into upper and lower parts
Oblique
division that passes through the body or organ at an angle
Two many body cavities
Dorsal & Ventral
Dorsal has what 2 cavities
Cranial & Vertebral
Cranial cavity houses
Brain
Vertebral cavity houses
Spine
Ventral cavity has what 2 cavities
Thoracic & Abdominal cavity
Thoracic cavity contains
Pericardial cavity, pleural cavity, and mediastinum
Pericardial cavity
houses heart
Pleural cavity
houses lungs
Abdominopelvic cavity has 2 parts
Abdominal & Pelvic cavity
Organs found in abdominal cavity
stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine and
most of the large intestine
Organs found in pelvic cavity
urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and male/female
reproductive structures
Diaphragm
anatomical structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
The kidneys are:
Retroperitoneal(behind the perionteal membrane of the abdominal cavity)
Homeostasis
maintains a constant internal environment within certain
physiological paramaters
Homeostatic imbalance=
disease
Homeostatic mechanisms(negative/positive feedback loops bring:
internal conditions back to normal when stress or changes cause the
imbalance of the internal environment
Homeostasis is regulated by two organ systems:
nervous and endocrine system
Nervous system does what?
sends nerve impulse to correct imbalance
ex. blood pressure
Endocrine system does what?
secretes hormones to correct imlabance
ex. insulin released to lower blood sugar level
negative feedback loop
reversal of original stimulus
ex. increased blood pressure, insulin released,
positive feedback loop
enhancement of original stimuli
example: child birth