Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?
iliac crest AIIS ASIS ala of ilium
ASIS
Situation: A patient comes to radiology with a request for a right
hip study. He is from an extended care facility and is confused about
the cause of the injury. The technologist takes an AP pelvis, and when
the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains
loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the
technologist do to complete the study?
Continue to position the patient, but move the affected limb more
gently Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Perform the anterior pelvis (Taylor) outlet projection Perform
the AP pelvis projection only
Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the
sacrum and coccyx. False True
FALSE
Refer to the image. What projection and anatomy of interest is
depicted? AP axial (Taylor); anterior pelvic bones
AP axial (Bridgeman); pelvic inlet AP oblique (modified
Cleaves); femoral necks AP oblique (Cleaves); femoral necks
AP oblique (modified Cleaves); femoral necks
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the right iliac wing is
foreshortened as compared with the left side. What specific
positioning problem is present on this radiograph? Incorrect CR
centering or angulation Right rotation Left rotation
Right tilt
Left rotation
The internal oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet
method) demonstrates the: iliopubic column and anterior rim of
acetabulum ilioischial column and anterior rim of
acetabulum ilioischial column and posterior rim of
acetabulum iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
iliopubic column and posterior rim of acetabulum
What CR angle is required for the AP axial, inlet projection?
10 to 15 degrees cephalad 30 degrees cephalad 40 degrees
caudad 20 to 30 degrees caudad
40 degrees caudad
The letter B on the illustration below identifies the :
ilioischel column iliopubic column acetabulum
column ischelpubic column
iliopubic column
The angle of the SI joints is ____ degrees relative to the
midsagittal plane. 30 to 35 degrees 10 degrees 25 to
30 degrees 20 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the left obturator foramen
is more open or elongated as compared with the right. What is the
specific positioning error present on this radiograph? Right
rotation Left tilt Incorrect CR centering or
angulation Left rotation
Right rotation
A radiograph of an AP pelvis demonstrates that the right obturator
foramen is foreshortened but the left foramen is open. Which one of
the following positioning errors is present on this radiograph?
Right tilt Excessive CR angle Left rotation Right rotation
Right rotation
Which of the following imaging modalities will best detect early
signs of bone infection of the pelvis? Nuclear medicine
MRI CT Radiography
Nuclear medicine
The below pictured projection is called the: Cleaves
Method Bridgeman Method Judet Method Taylor Method
Bridgeman Method
Unless contraindicated, the lower limb and leg should be internally
rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller).
How many degrees of rotation are required? 10 degrees 15
degrees 20 degrees 15 to 20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
Which projection of the hip is shown in the figure above?
axiolateral lateral axiolateral oblique superoinferior
axiolateral
The posterior oblique (Judet method) for the acetabulum requires a
10- to 15-degree rotation of the body. True False
FALSE
Which of the following describes the direction of the central ray for
an axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?(1)
perpendicular to the IR(2) perpendicular to the long axis of the
femoral neck(3) perpendicular to the long axis of the
femur 1 and 2 1 and 3 1, 2, and 3 2 and 3
1 and 2
A radiograph of an AP axial (Taylor) �outlet� projection reveals that
the obturator foramina are not symmetric. What type of positioning
problem is present on this radiograph? Rotation of the
pelvis Probable fracture of the pubis or ischium The CR
was off-center Tilt of the pelvis
Rotation of the pelvis
A radiograph of an LPO projection for sacroiliac joints reveals that
the ilium is superimposed over the involved joint. What type of
positioning error is present on this radiograph? Excessive
rotation or obliquity Incorrect CR angulation Tilt toward
the right Insufficient rotation or obliquity
Excessive rotation or obliquity
The body is placed at what angle for the AP oblique projection (Judet
method) of the acetabulum? 45 degrees 50 degrees 40
to 50 degrees 45 to 60 degrees
45 degrees
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:
Ilium Projection Inlet Projection Outlet
Projection Acetabulum Projection
Inlet Projection
For the AP oblique femoral necks (modified Cleaves method), the
central ray is directed: 35 degrees 45 degrees 0
degrees 15 degrees
0 degrees
How much is the central ray angled for the AP oblique projection
(Judet method) of the acetabulum? 10 degrees 15
degrees 12 degrees 0 degrees
0 degrees
Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with
the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What is the anatomy
of interest? anterior acetabular rim and ilioischial
column posterior acetabular rim and ilioischial column
anterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column posterior
acetabular rim and iliopubic column
posterior acetabular rim and iliopubic column
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below:
Bridgeman Method Projection Clements-Nakayama
Projection Taylor Method Projection Judet Projection Projection
Bridgeman Method Projection
How much should the thighs be abducted for the AP oblique projection
of the femoral necks (modified Cleaves method)? 30 degrees
10 degrees 45 degrees 20 degrees
45 degrees
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? Pubis, ilium, and
sacrum Ischium and pubis Ischium, pubis, and ilium
Ilium and ischium
Ischium, pubis, and ilium
Where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis? at the level of the
ASIS 2 inches below the iliac crest midway between the
ASIS and the pubic symphysis at the level of the pubic symphysis
midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
Using the above hip localization method, the femoral head can be
located: 1� inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary
line between the two bony landmarks. 1 inch (2.5 cm) below the
midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks.
2� inches (6 to 7 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between
the two bony landmarks. at the level of the symphysis pubis.
1� inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the
two bony landmarks.
Which bone of the pelvic girdle forms the anterior inferior
aspect? Ischium Pubis Sacrum Ilium
Pubis
The following position is demonstrating which of the following
Methods ?
Bridgeman Method Jedet Method Taylor Method
Clements-Nakayama Method
Clements-Nakayama Method
Which of the following methods demonstrate the hip in an axiolateral
projection? Danelius-Miller modified Cleaves
Chassard-Lapin� Lauenstein, Hickey
Danelius-Miller
How much is the image receptor tilted from the horizontal for the
modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection? 5 to 10
degrees None. The IR must be keep perpendicular to the
tabletop 25 to 30 degrees 15 to 20 degrees
15 to 20 degrees
The respiration phase for the axiolateral projection of the hip
(Danelius-Miller) is: inspiration shallow breathing
expiration suspended respiration
suspended respiration
Examine this AP oblique (Judet) image of the right hip obtained with
the patient positioned for the internal oblique. What patient position
is depicted in this image? 45 degrees LPO 45
degrees RAO 45 degrees RPO 45 degrees LAO
45 degrees LPO
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter B?
lesser trochanter iliac crest acetabulum femoral head
lesser trochanter
Situation: A patient comes to the ED with a possible pelvic ring
fracture. The initial AP pelvis projection is inconclusive. What other
projection can be taken to assist with the diagnosis? Modified
bilateral axiolateral projections AP, bilateral frog-leg
projection AP axial inlet projection Posterior oblique
positions for SI joints
AP axial inlet projection
The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for
the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip.
False True
TRUE
A radiograph of a right SI joint demonstrates it open and clearly
seen. Which of the following positions was performed? LAO
RPO LPO AP
LPO
The below pectured projection is called the :
Cleaves Method Bridgeman Method Taylor Method
Judet Method
Taylor Method
The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:
acetabulum column ilioischel column ischeopubic
column iliopubic column
ilioischel column
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip
reveals a soft tissue artifact seen across the affected hip. This
artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral head and neck. What must
the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect during
the repeat exposure? Slightly rotate the patient toward the
affected side and angle 5 degrees caudad. Increase the elevation
and flexion of the patient�s unaffected leg. Ensure that the CR
is centered to the grid to prevent grid cutoff. Increase the kV.
Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient�s unaffected leg.
Which of the following describes the position of the IR for the
axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?(1) parallel
with the long axis of the femoral neck(2) its upper border in
the crease above the iliac crest(3) perpendicular to the long
axis of the femur 2 and 3 1 and 3 1 and 2 1,
2, and 3
1 and 2
Which of the following lateral hip projections cannot be performed on
a trauma patient with a possible hip fracture? Judet
method Danelius-Miller Clements-Nakayama Modified
Cleaves method
Modified Cleaves method
Which of the following methods will demonstrate the hip in a lateral
projection? Danelius-Miller Cleaves modified
Cleaves Lauenstein, Hickey
Lauenstein, Hickey
Situation: A patient enters the ED with a possible separation of the
symphysis pubis due to trauma. The AP pelvis projection is
inconclusive for determining the extent of the injury. What other
projection can be taken to evaluate this region? AP axial
�inlet� projection Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
Posterior oblique (Judet) projection AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection
The proper name of the method used for the unilateral frog-leg
projection is the: Taylor. Grashey. modified
Cleaves. Danelius-Miller.
modified Cleaves.
Which of the following projections can be performed with one exposure
if a compensating filter is used? axiolateral hip
(Danelius-Miller method) AP hip AP oblique acetabulum
(Judet method) AP oblique ilium
axiolateral hip (Danelius-Miller method)
The radiograph below best demonstrates which area the best:
ischeopubic column iliopubic column ilioischel
column acetabulum column
iliopubic column
Refer to the image. What projection (method) is demonstrated?
mediolateral (Lauenstein) AP oblique (modified
Cleaves) axiolateral (Danelius-Miller) AP oblique (Judet)
axiolateral (Danelius-Miller)
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection reveals
that there is an excessive amount of grid lines present. A 6:1 linear
grid was used. Which of the following points will correct this problem
on the repeat exposure? Keep the image receptor perpendicular to
the femoral neck. Decrease the SID. Keep the image
receptor parallel to the femoral neck. Use a screen rather than
a grid.
Keep the image receptor parallel to the femoral neck.
Refer to the image. What positioning error is evident?
The knees were not flexed to reduce lordotic curve. The lower
limbs were not externally rotated. None. This image meets all
evaluation criteria. The lower limbs were not internally rotated
The lower limbs were not internally rotated
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :
Acetabulum Projection Outlet Projection Inlet
Projection Ilium Projection
Outlet Projection
Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?
ASIS Symphysis pubis Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity
Ischial spine
Situation: A patient enters the ED with possible bilateral fractured
hips. Which of the following routines should be performed? AP
pelvis and axiolateral (inferosuperior) projections for both
hips AP pelvis and bilateral frog-leg projections AP
pelvis and posterior oblique (Judet) projections AP pelvis and
modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) projections for both hips
AP pelvis and modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method)
projections for both hips
The following projection is being demonstrated in the image below :
Clements-Nakayama Projection Judet Projection Projection
Bridgeman Method Projection Taylor Method Projection
Taylor Method Projection
Which of the following devices are necessary to perform an
axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller)?(1)
sandbags(2) leg support device(3) vertical IR holder
2 and 3 1 and 3 1 and 2 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Where is the central ray directed for the AP oblique projection
(modified Cleaves) of the femoral necks? 1 inch inferior to the
pubic symphysis at the pubic symphysis 2 inches superior
to the pubic symphysis 1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis
1 inch superior to the pubic symphysis
In the below illustration, the Right acetabulum is demonstated in the
which of the follolwing
None of the above Internal Oblique Position Exteranl
Oblique Position Neutral Oblique Position
Internal Oblique Position
Which of the following projections provides the greatest amount of
gonadal dose for a male patient (without the use of shielding)?
AP hip projection Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
AP bilateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves) projection AP pelvis projection
Axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
The below pictured projection is called the :
Taylor Method Bridgeman Method Judet Method
Cleaves Method
Judet Method
Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the superior
and posterior rim of the acetabulum? AP axial (Taylor
method) Posterior oblique (Judet method) Modified
axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama method) RPO and LPO projections
Posterior oblique (Judet method)
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter C?
femoral neck acetabulum iliac crest femoral head
femoral head
The AP axial projection (Bridgeman method) requires the central ray
be directed: 40 degrees caudad 20 to 35 degrees caudad for
males; 30 to 45 degrees caudad for females perpendicular
40 degrees cephalad
40 degrees caudad
What is the central-ray entrance point for the AP oblique projection
(Judet method) of the acetabulum? 2 inches inferior to the
ASIS 3 inches superior to the ASIS 3 inches inferior to
the ASIS 2 inches superior to the ASIS
2 inches inferior to the ASIS
Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?
Anterior rim of the acetabulum Posterior rim of the acetabulum
Posterior rim of the acetabulum
The use of the 80 kV technique (as opposed to 90) with a
corresponding mAs change for an AP pelvis projection will result in
higher contrast but will have what effect on the male and female
gonadal dose? Will reduce dose by 10% to 15% Will reduce
dose by 20% to 30% Will increase dose by 20% to 30% None
of the above; difference is not measurable
Will increase dose by 20% to 30%
Which part of the acetabulum is being best demonstrated ?
Anterior rim of the acetabulum Posterior rim of the acetabulm
Anterior rim of the acetabulum
During a repeat study of the AP axial (Taylor) outlet projection,
both obturator foramina are symmetric but foreshortened. Which of the
following positioning modifications must be performed to correct this
error? Correct for rotation. Use a perpendicular CR.
Increase the cephalic CR angulation. Increase the caudal CR angulation.
Increase the cephalic CR angulation.
What CR angle must be used for an AP axial (Taylor method) �outlet�
projection for a male patient? 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
20 to 35 degrees cephalad 20 to 35 degrees caudad 0
degrees (CR perpendicular to the image receptor)
20 to 35 degrees cephalad
The radiograph below best demonstrates the Right hip in which of the
following None of the above Exteranl Oblique
Position Internal Oblique Position Neutral Oblique Position
Exteranl Oblique Position
A radiograph of an AP pelvis reveals that the lesser trochanters are
not visualized. This pelvis projection was performed for nontraumatic
reasons. What should the technologist do (if anything) to correct this
on the repeat exposure? Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and
don�t repeat the exposure. Ensure that the ASIS is an equal
distance from the tabletop. Angle the CR 10 to 15 degrees
cephalad. Rotate the lower limbs more internally.
Do nothing. Accept the radiograph and don�t repeat the exposure.
The lesser sciatic notch is an aspect of the: sacrum.
ilium. ischium. pubis.
ischium
Which of the following projections would be best for a patient with
trauma to both proximal femurs (in addition to the AP pelvis)?
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) Axiolateral
(inferosuperior) Anterior oblique (Teufel) AP axial (Taylor)
Modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama)
How much obliquity of the body is required for posterior oblique
positions for the sacroiliac joints? 10 to 15 degrees 45
degrees 25 to 30 degrees 60 to 70 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
The letter A on the illustration below identifies the :
iliopubic column ischelpubic column acetabulum
column ilioischel column
ilioischel column
The LPO position for sacroiliac joints will best demonstrate the
right joint. True False
True False
Situation: A patient enters ED with a possible pelvic ring fracture
due to a MVA. The initial pelvis projections do not reveal any
fracture or dislocation, but the ED physician is concerned about a
possible right acetabular fracture. Which of the following projections
will best demonstrate the right acetabulum? Axiolateral
inferosuperior projection (Danelius-Miller method) AP axial
inlet projection Modified axiolateral projection
(Clements-Nakayama method) Posterior oblique pelvis projection
(Judet method)
Posterior oblique pelvis projection (Judet method)
Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible
on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip.
True False
TRUE
The external oblique position of the AP oblique projection (Judet
method) demonstrates the: ilioischial column and anterior rim of
acetabulum iliopubic column and posterior rim of
acetabulum iliopubic column and anterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and posterior rim of acetabulum
ilioischial column and anterior rim of acetabulum
Refer to the image. What anatomy is labeled as letter A?
greater trochanter femoral neck femoral head acetabulum
acetabulum