Displaced to the right by the rumen, and mainly found in the supraomental recess
Where are small intestines located in the ruminants?
Apex, body, and base
What are the components of the cecum in the ruminants and pig?
Ileocecocolic junction
a common junction between the ileum, cecum, and the colon; found in ruminants and pigs
Proximal loop (or sigmoid flexure) --> centripetal coil --> central flexure --> centrifugal coil --> distal loop --> transverse colon
**Note: the spiral loop is flat
Describe the flow of the ascending colon in ruminants.
1. 2.5
2. 3
3. 4
How many coils of the spiral loop are found in the ox? In the sheep? In the goat?
Left surface of the mesojejunum
What does the spiral colon of the ruminant fuse with?
1. Between coils of jejunum and last centrifugal coil
2. Between last centrifugal coil and first centripetal coil (this can lead to beaded fecal pellets)
Where are the jejunal lymph nodes located in the bovine? In the sheep and goat?
Pigs have a sacculated cecum
What is significantly different between the cecum of the pig and ruminants?
1. Centripetal coils are sacculated and larger in diameter
2. Centrifugal coils are smooth (like the ruminant) but smaller in diameter
3. Spiral loop is in conical shape (flat in ruminants)
4. Displaced to the left of the median plane (displaced to the ri
What is different about the spiral loop found in the pig when compared to the ruminant?
1. Divided into four lobes:
(a) left lobe (lateral; medial)
(b) right lobe (lateral; medial)
(c) caudate lobe (caudate process; papillary process) - cranial
(d) quadrate lobe - caudal
2. Gall bladder is found between quadrate and R. lobe
3. Caudal vena ca
Describe the basic structure of the mammalian liver.
1. Hepatic artery
2. Hepatic portal vein
3. Lymph nodes
What can be found in the hilus of the liver?
Right of the median plane (rotated 90 degrees)
**Note: lies obliquely in the abdominal part of the thoracic cage (L. lobe is cranioventral; R. lobe is caudodorsal)
Where is the ruminant liver located?
No external indication of lobation
What is unique about the lobation in the liver of the ruminant?
1. Pear-shaped
2. Elongated
What is the shape of the gall bladder in the bovine? In the sheep?
1. Renal impression - located between caudate process of caudate lobe and R. lobe
2. Reticular impression - located on smooth surface near papillary process of caudate lobe
3. Omasal impression - located on the quadrate lobe
4. Abomasal impression - locat
List the impressions of the liver in the ruminant.
1. Well lobated and well lobulated (good for teaching)
2. Only domestic mammal in which liver has no contact with the R. kidney
What are some unique characteristics about the pig liver?
1. Ox - flattened; tongue-shaped; attaches to rumen
2. Sheep/goat - flattened; rectangular or triangular
3. Pig - long and narrow; attaches to greater curvature of stomach; mostly in thoracic cage
Discuss the anatomical differences of the spleen between the ox, sheep/goat, and pig.
1. Red-brown
2. Blue-grey
What is the color of the spleen in the bull/sheep? In the cow?