amphoteric species
A species capable of reacting as either an acid or base, depending on the nature of the reactants
Pauli Exclusion Principle
states that no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers. In other words, (1) no more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital and (2) two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
paramagnetic vs diamagnetic
Whenever two electrons are paired together in an orbital, or their total spin is 0, they are diamagnetic electrons. Atoms with all diamagnetic electrons are called diamagnetic atoms. A paramagnetic electron is an unpaired electron. An atom is considered paramagnetic if even one orbital has a net spin.
Disproportionation
A redox reaction in which the same species is both oxidized and reduced.
Protic vs Aprotic
Protic solvents are capable of hydrogen bonding because they contain at least one hydrogen atom connected directly to an electronegative atom (such as O-H or N-H bonds) or FON. Aprotic solvents contain no hydrogen atoms connected directly to an electronegative atom and they are not capable of hydrogen bonding.
Enantiomers vs. Diastereomers
Enantiomers are the chiral molecules that are mirror images of one another and are not superimposable. Diastereomers are the stereomer compounds with molecules that are not mirrored images of one another and that are not superimposable. Unlike enantiomers, diastereomers have different chemical and physical properties from each other.