List the levels of organization in an multicellular organism, form smallest to largest?
cells, tissue, organs, and organ systems
Nervous System
Coordinates the body's response to changes in it's internal and external environments
Integumentary System
Convets food so it can be used by cells
Endocrine System
Serves as a barrier against infection and injury
Lymphatic System
Eliminates wastes and amintains homeotasis
Muscular System
Stores mineral reserves and provides a site for blood cell formation
Reproductive System
Produces reproductive cells
Respiratory System
Brings materials to cells, fights infection, and regulates body temperature
Excretory System
removes waste
What are four types of tissues found in the human body
Epithitial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Nurvous Tissue, and Muscle Tissue
The msot abundant tissue in most animals is
Epithelial Tissue
Circle the letter of the types of tissue that cover the surface of the body and lines internal organs
Epithelial Tissue, and Connective Tissue
What is a gland
A gland is a structure that produces chemicals
f tissue that connects bone too muscles
Connective Tissue
The process of maintanining a controlled, stable inernal enviroment is called
homeostasis
The process by which the product of a system shuts down the system or limits its operation is refferred to as
Feed Back Inhibition
The part of the brain that moniors and controls body temperature is the
Hypothalamus
What happens if nerve cells sense that the core body temperature has droped belwo 37 degrees ferinhight
Hypothalamus speeds up chemical reactins within the body's activities
what happens if the body temperature irses too far abouve 37 degrees celcius
Hypothalamus slows down cellular activities
The human body contains
one hundred trullion cells
Levels of Organization in the Body
cells, tissue, organs, and organ systems
Nervous System
allows you too respond to stimuli exteranl
Intigumenurary System
serves as barrier against infection and injury
Respotory System
responsible for breathing
Digestive Systems
breaks down food and eliminates waste
Excatory System
eliminates waste
skelletal System
supports the body
Musculary System
allows you too move
Cuculatory System
keeps oxygen and other nutrients moving throughout the body
endocrine System
responsible for growth development
Resproductive System
produce resproductive cells
Lemplatic, Emune System
fights disease
Musculatory System
enables the body to move
Feedback Inhibition
process in where your body terns your activities on or off as needed ot maitain homeostasis
The four tipes fo tissues
Epithalial tissue, Connective Tissues, Nervous System, and Muscle Tissue
The nervous system controles and quoridnates functions throughout the body and respones
to internal and external stimuli
Neuron
Transmit messages to the body through electrical impulses
Sensory Nuron
carry impulses for the sence organs to the spinal cord and brain
Motor Nuron
carry impulse form the brain and spinal cord too muscels and glands
Interneurons
connect the sensory and motor neurons
Cell Body
contians mucleus most of cytoplasm, metabolic Activities ocours hir caries impulseas away form cells body
Axon
carrries impulse away form cell body
Myelin Sheath
insulating membrane surrounding axon
Nodes
gapes in myelin sheath Impulses jump from node to node to increase their transport speed.
Dendrite
carry impulses form other nurons and the enviroment toward the cell body
Resting Nuron
not transmitting an impulse
Resting Neuron
not transmittignan impulse
Moving Impulse
begins when a nuron is stimulated by another neuron or by the enviroment
Ions ove acroos the cells membran causing the inside of the cell sto necome slightly mroe positive than onhte outside. This is called
action potential
The stength of an impulse is always the same
action potential resting portential
The minumum level of an stimulus required to activate neuron is called the
Threshold
The Synapse
The location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse or an electrical impulse to another cell
Neurotransmitter
These are chemical used by a neuron too transmit an impulse across the synapse to another cell
What is the functionof the nervous system
responds ito internal and exteral change
What are trree types of neurons
Sensor Neurons, Motor Neurons, and Interneurons
Sensory neurons carry impulses for the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
True
what is the funtio fmyelin sheath
inslualitong neuron increases speed at which nerons travel
There are more soduim ions in the cytoplasm than in the fluid outside the cell
True
The difference in electrical change across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is called it's
resting potential
How does a nerve impulse begin
begins whena nuron is stimulated by the enviroment
Waht are neurotransmitters
Neurootransmitters are cemicals taht send a sinal to the synapse of another cell
Describe what happens when an action potential arrives at an axon terminal
The axon potential sends an electric signal when arriving at the axon terminal
Long finers that carry impulses away form the body
Axon
Minimum level od stimulus required to activate a neuron
Threshold
Controls the internal and exteral movement of the body
Muscel Tissue
Covers the surfaceof the body internal and external
Epitheleal Tissue
Cells that carry messages throughout the nervous system
Neurons
Location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to a cell
Synapse
Holds the orgains in place and binds body part s together
Connective Tissue
Insualting memmbrane surrounding the axon
Myelin Sheath
Carries impulses towards the cell body
Dendrite
The stoppping or limiting of processes
Feedback Inhibition
Receives messages for the bodies exteral and internal enviroment and then responds to it
Neurvous Tissue
Chemical used by a neuron ot tranmit an impulse across synapse ot another cell
Neurotransmitter
Cental Nurvous system
which relays messages, processes information and analyzes information
Peraphal Nervous System
shch receives information forthe enviroment and relay commnads from the cental nervous system to organs and glands
Teh central nerous sysem include the nrain and the
spinal cord
Menengies
are three layers of conective tissues that wrap the nrain adn spinal cord
Cereprospial fluid
acts as a shock absorber and protects the central nerovs system
Cerebram
is the largest part of the brain. It conrols all conscious activities and hold intelligence learning judgements
It is divided into lieft and right hemispheres. The left side controls the hemispheres side of your body, while the right side controls the
analytical mathematical
It is said that people whoare more right brained tend to ne left. While people whoare moer left brained tend to be right and
left
Cereberom
is the 2nd largest part of the brain. It is found in the back of the skull . It coordinates and balances the muscles.
brain stem
connects the brain and spinal cord
They are responsibel for blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and
swolowing
thalamus
receives messages for sensory organs a nd sends them to body temperature
hypothalmus
is the control center for hinger, thirst, fatiguw, anger and body temperature
Teh spinal cord is the main comminication link
between the brain and the rest of the body
It processes
reflexes
There are about 31
pairs of spinal nerves
The peripheal nervous system is located outside the
spinal colume
The two parts of the peripheal nervous system include
censry division and motor divion
somatic nerves system
regualtes activites that are under conscious control
autonomic nervous system
reglates activities that are automatic or involuntary
What is the functionof the central nervous system
The central nervous system takes in informatin and converts it into messages
Teh cenral nervous system consists of the brain and the
spinal cord
Is the following sentence true or false
Three layer so connective tissue known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord
The brain and spinal cord are bathed and protected by
cerospinal fluid
Cerebrum
Receives and relays messages formthe sense organs
Cerebellum
Cordinates and balances the action of the muscles
Brain stem
Regualtes the flow of information between the brain and rest of the body
Thalamus
Receives and relays message from sense organs
Hypothalamus
Controls hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by a band of tissue called the
brian stem
Identify the four lobes of the brain
Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalmus, and the Cerebellum
Is the following sentence true or false
The felft hemisphere of the cerebrum controls the body's left side is false
Is the following sentence true or false
The outer surface of the cerebrum is called the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex is true
what is gray matter, and where is it found
Gray matter is brain tissue and it is found all over the brain
The two region of the brian stem are the
Cerebrim and the Cerebellum
Name tow examples of a flex
sneezing and blinking
What is the advantage of a reflex
A reflex allwos athe body to respond to a reflex when predictors are near as in case of hunting
Curcle the letter of each choice that is part of the peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia nerves, and spinal cord
Circle the letter of each activity that is controlled by the somatic nervous system
lifting a finger, wiggling the toes, pilling foot away form tack
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate
regulates activities that are codomatic
Why isit important to have two systems that control the same organs
The two different systems of the body conrol the body when it is in a unconious state
sensory resepters
react to cetrain stimuli such as light or sound
Waht are sensory receptors
The body receves two senses like light and sound
List the five general categories of sensory receptors
pain recepters, thermorecepter, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors
Which category of sensory receptors are sensitice to touch, sound, and motion
cimicecracular conals
circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the structures of the eye
light enters theyese through the cornea, the anteriror chamber is filled with vitreous humorm the pipil changes insize tolet mre or less light enter the eyem and the lens focuses light onthe retina
Where are photoreceptors located in the eye
Imner layer of the eye
What do photoreceptors do
take pictures of immages aroundt hem
Is hte follwoign sentence true or false
Cones are extremely sensitive to light, but they do not distinguish different colors that is false
How do impulses travel form the eyes to the brain
blood vessels
List the two sensory function of the ear
sound and mosion
Drug
is any sunstance not food that changes the structure and functuion of the body
Is the follwoign sentence true or false? Adrug is any illegal substance that changes the structure or function of the body
false
Is the folowing sentence true or false? Amoung the most powerful drugs are the ones that cause changes in the nervous system, especially ot the brain and the synapses between neurons
true
How can drugs disrupt the functining of the nervous system
Synapes that are key relay stations neurotransmitters may shut off or become disfintional
stimulant
increase blood pressure
depressant
decreases heart rate
cocaine
acts on pleasure center of brain
Opiate
reduces pain
marijuana
causes lung damage
alcohol
destroys liver cells
circle the letter of each choice that is depressant drug
cocaine, and amphetamine
an uncontrollable craving for more of a drug is known as
addiction
cocaine causes the sudden release in the brain of an neurotransmitter called
dopamine
How odes drug use increase the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
HIV may be caused by people wh use the same needle too inhect a drug like heroin. When someone becomes poor after an addiction they begin too rely on what they can too obtain the drug witch could include using the same surringe too inject the drug
Is the follwoing sentence true? The most widley abused illegal drug is marijuana
true
What is fetal alcohol syndorm or FAS
FAS or Fetal, Aclohol, Syndrome is averiety of burth diffects too the fetals.
Epitheleal Tissue
covers the surface of the body
Connective Tissue
Holds the orgains in place and binds body parts together
Nervous Tissue
Receives messages from the bodies external and internal environment and then responds to it
Muscle Tissue
Controls the internal and external movement of the body
Feedback Inhibition
Process in which products stop or limit a process
Neuron
Cells that carry messages throughout the nervous system
Dendrite
Carries impulses towards the cell body
Axon
Long fibers that carry impulses aray form the cell body
Myelin Sheath
Insulating membrane surrounding the axon
Threshold
Minimum level of stimulus required to activate a neuron
Synapse
Location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to a cell
Neurotransmitter
Chemical used by a neuron to transmit an impulse acrossa synapse to another cell