Microbiology Test #2 Review

Choose the false statement about binary fission.It is the most common way that prokaryotes divide.It is an asexual form of reproduction.It leads to exponential population growth.It generate genetically diverse daughter cells.

It generate genetically diverse daughter cells.

Which of the following correctly lists the four growth phases?Stationary, Log, Lag, DeathLog, Lag, Death, StationaryLag, Log, Stationary, DeathLog, Stationary, Lag, Death

Lag, Log, Stationary, Death

Phototrophs are characterized as such because they use chemicals as an energy source.TrueFalse

FALSE

Which category do most human pathogens belong to? Hint: think about body temperature.PsychrophileMesophileThermophile

Mesophile

Humans are obligate aerobes.True or False

TRUE

Compared to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses _____.are generally smallerlack genetic materialhave similar metabolic processeslack proteins

are generally smaller

Viruses are considered to be non-living for which reason?their extremely small sizetheir ability to synthesize only some of their own componentstheir inability to synthesize their own partstheir unique type of cells

their inability to synthesize their own parts.

Both viruses and prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.TrueFalse

FALSE

Which of the following lists the steps of viral replication in the correct order?assembly, replication, attachment, release, penetrationreplication, attachment, assembly, release, penetrationattachment, penetration, replication, assembly, releaserelease, assembly, replication, penetration, attachment

attachment, penetration, replication, assembly, release

_____ are infectious proteins [acellular like viruses!] that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Prions

Which of the following is NOT a means of horizontal gene transfer?TransductionConjugationTranslationTransformation

Translation

Which of the following is the false statement?The genetic code matches mRNA sequences (codons) to amino acids.If thymine (T) is the nucleotide on the DNA strand, uracil (U) will be the complementary RNA nucleotide.RNA is synthesized complementary to DNA.RNA is produced by transcription.

If thymine (T) is the nucleotide on the DNA strand, uracil (U) will be the complementary RNA nucleotide.

Which statement applies to both DNA and RNA?Made of nucleotides.Usually double-stranded.Contains uracil.Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Made of nucleotides.

The genetic makeup or ["phenotype", "genotype"] of an organism influences its physical traits or ["genotype", "phenotype"] .

Genotype , Phenotype

The introduction of new genetic material into a bacterial cell will most likely alter both the genotype and the phenotype of that cell.TrueFalse

TRUE

Disinfection eliminates all bacteria, viruses and endospores.TrueFalse

FALSE

Standard pasteurization is a way to sterilize milk.TrueFalse

FALSE

If a bacterium is ________ to an antibiotic, it will be able to grow in its presence.

Resistant

Natural resistance to an antibiotic is often called ["acquired", "intrinsic"] while resistance that comes from mutation or by acquiring resistance genes is referred to as ["intrinsic", "acquired"] .

Intrinsic , Acquired

Which of the following is NOT a target of antibiotics (antimicrobial drugs)?protein synthesiscell membranecell wallcytoplasm

Cytoplasm

During which phase are cells most sensitive to antimicrobial agents?

Log

Which two things are required for a virus?Genetic material & envelopeCapsid & enzymesGenetic material & capsidSpikes & capsid

Genetic material & capsid

Broad tropism refers to viral ability to:Be resistant to many antiviral drugs.Mutate frequently.Infect a wide range of host cells or tissues.Possess both DNA and RNA genome.

Infect a wide range of host cells or tissues.

Prophages are medically important due to their ability to confer new pathogenic properties to bacterial cells.True False

TRUE

In Lysogenic replication, the ________ must be incorporated into the ______ to form a prophage.Host cell genome ; phage genome Phage genome ; host cell genomeHost cell components ; phage components Phage components ; host cell components

Phage genome ; Host cell genome

The primary flow of genetic information in cells is form: protein - DNA - RNA DNA - protein - RNA RNA - DNA - protein Protein - RNA - DNA DNA - RNA - Protein

DNA - RNA - Protein

All mutations result in negative effects on a cell/organism.True False

FALSE

Key difference between lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage replication cycles.

The lytic replication cycle ends with the host cell lysis and release of newly formed bacteriophage particles, whereas lysogenic replication leads to prophage formation.

Which of the following alters phenotype but does not alter genotype:mutations regulating gene expressionhorizontal gene transferthey all alter genotype

Regulating gene expression

Antibiotic exposure can make a cell antibiotic resistant.True False

FALSE