VISC 1002 Reeves Exam

-Harunobu is widely recognized as the first Japanese printmaker to create designs by printing each colour in the image with a different block.-Came to be known as nishiki-e, or brocade pictures, suggesting their resemblance to the gorgeous brocades worn at the time.

Suzuki Harunobu, Young Woman Looking at a Pot of Pinks, c. 1767

-During the french revolution, it marked a time of the printing press. -Colour is used as a tool to represent different people's opinions. -There is no singular focal point, this showcases that one person is not more than the other. Everyone is equal, which really lends itself to the public sphere.-There is a bustle to the image, there is so much free-flowing of ideas. -Large gathering of people exclaiming about the ideas being shared via the Printing Press.

Anonymous, Liberte de la Presse, 1797

-Aboriginal peoples in the painting create romanticism. They were fighting on the other side. -He has done this to create drama. -This is considered a historical painting.

Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1770.

-Whimsical feeling that portrayed through value. -The colours are complementary, so a sense of calm is created. -Movement in the piece, by the shoe and the spotlight of the sun.-Glamour and class, especially in the clothing.-The saturation is very similar across the image, which creates a softer more serene atmosphere.-A time of more light and frivolous work that focused on the positive times of life. -The Rococo paintings were mainly for the wealthy, an outlet for them to revel in their wealth.

Jean-Honoré Fragonard. The Swing. 1766.

-Propaganda against the consumption of Gin. -A satanic look towards drinking gin and getting it off the streets. -Focus on the neighbourhood of working poor. Avoid classical subjects. -Contemporary object/city life.

William Hogarth, Gin Lane, c. 1751

-The Haitian revolution-Belley is an important representative of Haiti in London after the French Revolution-This was supposed to make a statement on the slave trade. -The importance of the bust behind him is an image of another important person who wrote the act that leads to the abolishment of slavery. -You do not get the whole story since this is a mass-produced art.

Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, Jean-Baptiste Belley, 1797

-The Herati went to battle 3 warriors, and the 3 warriors represented all of Rome. -This was used to represent really intense patriotism and sacrificing yourself for the greater good. -Was originally commissioned by a monarch then was used as a symbol in the French Revolution because of the fundamental idea of self-sacrifice. -This is a neo-classicism painting.-The colour used in this piece creates a sense of in-your-face violence. The white used, as well as the shadow and contrast of light, create a sense of divinity in the warriors. -The women crying create a pyramid shape, focusing on the women in light's head. -This piece was symbolical to people, representing self-sacrifice. The patriotism and individualism in this piece are conveyed in the composition. -The poses of the men and the texture in their clothing really display heroism and conviction of actions. This is demonstrated in the stability of their pose and the fact that only one man is in the foreground.

Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii. 1784-1785.

-The romanticism in this piece is achieved by false heroism. -He commands nature in this piece and that conveys romanticism. -The heroism is a pictorial idiom. -They are trying to rewrite history with the stoic pose. -Since this has been established, it has been a tactic to positively represent people. -This is not about the mass that is supporting Napoleon, it is about Napoleon himself. -This a great demonstration of democracy since all the humans in the back become one mass, while Napoleon is the stark individual who is the "hero".

Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800-1

-There is cannibalism-The title was given to it afterward, when Gericault produced it, it was called "The Shipwreck". -There is a triangular composition that leads your eye.-There are two ways to read this painting which juxtapose each other. -One version is that they see a passing ship and they are waving for help. As you go across (right to left) you can see that there is clear emotion. -If you read it the other way, you can see people learning about a ship close by. -There is no way to depict moral virtue, so, it's usually done by analogy. The physical attributes or "perfection" is an analogy for they're ethical, moral and mental perfection. -The people on this boat are slaves, and this was a depiction after the pressure of the Slave Trade Act, depicting history differently.

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the "Medusa", 1818-1819

-The shape of the action is triangular. -The apex of the image is the climax of the story. -This is extremely conventional. -This was an important moment in terms of French history. -Contemporary painting-Focus-spirit of the revolt-Encapsulated the history of France after the fall of Napoleon-The personification of liberty is bare-breast, holding a French Flag-People following: all class, all ages. -This is the personification of liberty.

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People: July 28, 1830, 1830

-Recorded what actually seen-Depicting the fire that broke out at the Houses of Parliament on the evening-History painting

JMW Turner, The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 1834.

-the medieval royal palace used as the home of the British parliament-Burnt down and was refurbished

Charles Berry and AWN Pugin, Houses of Parliament, 1836-60

-Penny weekly newspaper published in London-Paper was enormously successful and achieved sales of 15,000 copies a week all over the country despite being London-based

Poor Man's Weekly

-Realism-Depicting his great uncle's funeral-Burial of romanticism-It treats an ordinary provincial funeral with unflattering realism, and on the giant scale traditionally reserved for the heroic or religious scenes of history painting.

Gustave Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50

-Direct observation, based on many drawings-Realism-She attended the market twice weekly for a year and a half

Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair, 1853-55

-A fiction mixing Egyptian, Turkish, and Indian cultures together in a fantasized pastiche-Exotic-Considered an "Orientalist Fantasy" -Romanticism

Jean-Léon Gérôme. The Snake Charmer. c. 1870.

-This depicted an oriental woman who is sexually available-She is not properly proportioned. -To identify distortions in aid of set expectations and fantasies that exist in the European mindset. -Orientialism

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Large Odalisque. 1814.

-Avant garde-Realism-Manet re-contextualized the age-old subject and redefined what constitutes as fine art—all with a hint of irony.

Édouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863

-Reference master work-Pictures a prostitute-Gender and race is shown here-Reflect social class

Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863

-Embodying the ideals of academic art-the careful modeling, silky brushwork, and mythological subject of Cabanel's canvas proved a winning combination-the Salon picture was purchased by no less than Napoleon III for his personal collection.

Alexandre Cabanel, The Birth of Venus, 1863

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Alexander Gardner, Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg, 1865

-The Sussex chair was extraordinarily popular-a range of Sussex furniture designs evolved over the following years.-It remained in production until 1940.

Philip Webb and William Morris, Sussex Chair, 1865

Sublime: Greatness beyond all possibilities. Usually, regarding weather, there sometimes can be a feeling of melancholy. There's an overwhelming feeling vastness. There is a curiosity for what else is there.Sublime shown with haziness in the water and in the sky creating curiosity

Claude Monet, Impression: Sunrise, 1873

As a scene of middle-class leisure set within domesticated naturethis picture is typical of imagery that has come to characterize Impressionism. But Morisot brings boldness and vigour to her painting technique. Her distinctive zig-zag brushstrokes energize the entire picture surface and are particularly suited for capturing the play of light on the water.

Berthe Morisot, Summer's Day, 1879.

Urban experienceColour almost bring out fogUnconventional, almost telescopic, asymmetrical composition with a tipped perspective. The broad, wet streets create the subject in this painting, with anonymous, huddled Parisians mostly pushed to the periphery.

Gustave Caillebotte. Paris Street, Rainy Day.1877.

TypographA tragedy of the working classArmy invade buildings and kill familiesThe final print in the Association mensuelle seriesCaused political and social upheavalPrinted for middle-class audiences

Honoré Daumier. Rue Transnonain, Le 15 Avril 1834.

Experimenting techniquesPhotography inventedCapture instance

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. The Artist's Studio. 1837.

The theme of weekend leisure is typically impressionist, but the rigorous technique, the stiff formality of the figures, and the highly calculated geometry of the composition produce a solemn effect quite at odds with the casual naturalism of impressionism.-Pointallism-moving towards abstraction-caused a scandal when first displayed-building on insights of optics and visual perception were already made by impressionists-correcting "incompleteness" of impressionism-unmixed colour straight from the tube. 11 colours, 3 values-figures arranged deliberately

George Seurat, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of the Grand Jatte

Avant Garde: visible brushstrokes

Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889.

Mary Cassatt, Mother and Child, c. 1890.

- About the Worlds fair - An international event celebrating industry and technology, which featured art as well; held in The Crystal Palace.

Joseph Paxton, The Crystal Palace. 1850-1851.

Art NeuveauJaponismeJaponism is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design in western Europe

Camille Claudel, The Waltz, 1892-1905

marked the beginning of modern skyscraper designThe building represented a revolt against American dependence on European antecedents in architecture, as expressed in tall steel frame buildings.

Louis Sullivan, Wainwright Building, St. Louis, MO, 1890-1

Used in a tribe for a coming of age, worn by young Mende women. From Sierra Leone. Mask was collected by a British imperialist to do an exhibit. The issue is talking about cultural recontextualization and drastically separated it from its culture and community.Really stressed that it was out of context

Sowei Mask from the Sherbro District, Mende, 1880-1886

Neoclassicismdepicts two slaves who have been freed due to the Emancipation Proclamation and the Union victory of the Civil WarLewis' statue represents the empowerment of male African Americans because he was able to achieve his own freedom by breaking his chainsThe kneeling slave was a popular motif among abolitionists works.

Edmondia Lewis, Forever Free, 1867

Constant revolutionizing of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones. All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify. All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses his real conditions of life, and his relations with his kind.

Charles Darwin, Sketch From Beagle Diary, 1839

Chemical Change