10% plan
10% of registered voters from 1860 in Southern states take oath to the Constitution to be loyal and accept the emancipation proclamation
Forms basis of constitutional convention ->republic -> request to rejoin union via congress
Wade- Davis Bill
stricter; 50% (majority) take iron-clad oath aka only those who didn't help rebels (unable to be honest)
Aid rebels in anyway- lose political voting rights
Punish S
Vast majority of Congress voted; Lincoln vetoed (didn't address bill)
Turned into executiv
13th Amendment
Jan 1865, prohibited slavery
Andrew Johnson
Democratic running mate in '64 election w/ Lincoln, took over presidency after assassination; resented S by growing up poor/ illiterate before rising in society via politics didn't think 10% was enough punishment forced plantation owners + formers soldi
Black Codes
how former Confederates elected into government attempted to bring back slavery
Freedman's Bureau
created in 1865 to provide food + assistance to free slaves
Civil Rights Act of 1866
precursor to 14th Amendment; had federal government gain responsibility over national citizenship rights vs states who restricted blacks (ex. Refusal to testify within judicial system)
14th Amendment
Federal rights over states for citizenship
1. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
2.clause- guarantee black male voting rights (indirectly)
a. Any state to refuse would lose seats within House proportionate to votes lost
3.clause- oath ->violated
Radical Republicans
very anti-slavery; wanted S to be punished; attempted to ensure 50% majority iron-clad rules
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided S into 5 military districts, each under command of union general; established requirements for re-admission into Union
Tenure of Office Act
required Senate consent for removal of any fed official who required Senate approval to enter office
15th Amendment
didn't allow states to revoke voting rights based on race, color, or "previous condition of servitude
American Woman Suffrage Association
only focused on women's right to vote
National Woman Suffrage Association
revolved around women's rights and focusing on the issue of federal suffrage Amendment
Sharecropping
where free blacks rented tools and supplies in agricultural occupations from their former owners; better than gang-labor system; whoever since they started out penniless, most resulted in being in a constant state of perpetual debt
Hiram R. Revels
elected to Senate to fill Jefferson Davis' Mississippi seat; recruited African Americans to join union army
Scalawags
S whites who supported Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers
N whites who were opportunistic meddlers
Civil Rights Act of 1875
full and equal" access to jury and public transportation/ accommodations, ignoring race
Liberal Republicans
civil service reform, smaller gov, restricted voting rights, and S resolution
KKK
(1871) murderous campaign across the S against reconstruction; allowed President to use force to remove conspiracies depriving citizens their right(s) to vote
U.S. v. Cruikshank (1876)
African American farmers murdered by ex-Confederates; Supreme Court ruled that it is the state's responsibility to ensure that voting rights are allowed (and yet weaponized parties such as the Klan and others were able to seize political power)