reflexes present at birth
moro, tonic neck, gag, cough, blink, pupillary, grasp, rooting, babinski
smiles spontaneously, follows face or object to midline, vocalizes making "oohs" and "aah" or short vowel sounds; responds to a bell, lifts head; equal movements
2 months
colic:
infant cries loudly and continuously, often for several hours, infants face may be flushed, abdomen is distended and tense; infant draws up legs and clenches hands; episodes often occur at the same time each day; crying may stop only after infant is exhausted or has passed flatus or stool
smiles responsively, stares at own hands; grasps a rattle; follows past midline, brings hands to middle of body, laughs and squeals out loud; vocalizes with "ooh" sounds; lifts head and chest 45-90 degrees when prone, head steady when sitting
4 months
reaches for toy that is out of reach, looks at hand, smiles spontaneously; loos at raisin placed on contrasting surface; reaches out; follows an object completely from side to side; turns to sound made that is out of vision on each side; squeals, laughs; rolls over in both directions; no head lag, lifts head and chest off a surface completely
6 months
feeds self finger foods, tried to get toys looks at hands; transfers objects from one hand to another; raking grasps, picks up and holds a small object in each hand; imitates sounds; says single syllable, begins to put syllables together; no head lag; sits without support; stands holding onto furniture
9 months
plays pat-a-cake, feeds self; works to get a toy; develops pincer grasps; bangs objects together; picks up two cubes; jabbers, combines syllables, "mama, dadda" nonspecific; stands briefly without support, gets to sitting position, pulls to stand
12 months
baby doubles weight at
6 months
baby triples weight at
1 year
begins to imitate feeds self with increasing skill; holds cup with two hands; builds tower with increasing number of blocks; scribbles, able to put a block in cup; says three to 10 single words, can point to several body parts; walks well forward and backward, stoops and recovers
15-18 month milestones
removes one article of clothing; feeds a doll; uses fork or spoon; hold pencil and scribbles spontaneously, dumps a rain out of a bottle on command after demonstration; builds a two-block tower; points to two pictures; uses two-word sentences; runs, walks up steps, kicks a ball forward
2 years
brushes teeth with helps; puts on clothing; feeds doll, builds a tower with at least four to six cubes, points to and names four familiar pictures; throws a ball overhand, jumps kicks a ball forward
3 years
puts on a t-shirt, washes, and dries hands; names a friend; imitates vertical lines wiggles thumbs builds a tower of eight cubes; knows two adjectives; identifies one color; knows the use of two objects; balances on each foot for 1 second; jumps forward, throws a ball overhand
4-5 years
self-esteem through skill acquisition and task completion; peer group becoming primary socializing force; ties shoelaces; dresses and undresses without help; can print, draw, color, model clay, and cut with scissors
6-8 years
vocabulary expands, improved long-term memory; organizes concepts and classifies in several ways; loves sports and games
6-8 years
peers opinions are more important than parents; clubs with secret codes and rituals, hero worship, girls may become boy crazy; ready for away-from-home experiences such as a sleep-away camp; eye-hand coordination fully developed; fine motor control approx adults
9-11 years
reads more and enjoys comics and newspapers; understands fractions and conservation of volume and weight; may begin to be more awkward as growth spurt begins
9-11 years
basic anatomy and physics., body functions, expected changes related to puberty, menstration, nocturnal emissions, reproduction, teen prig, HIV prevention, STD
sex educations
issues related to the school-age child
adjustment to schoolself-care childrenobesitystress
emotional and social turmoil associated with rapid changes in development, hormones, and altered body image, interested in opposite-sex relationships; adult fine motor control
11-20
becomes future oriented; thinks and reasons abstractly; early-growth related awkwardness develops into coordinated muscle control
11-20