Immunology
concerning immune chemicals and immune responses
Epidemiology
concerning the spread of disease
Food microbiology
concerning food or water microorganisms
Agricultureal microbiology
concerning crops, disease resistance in plants
Biotechnology
concerning the manipulation of microoganisms; the making of yeats, bread, wine, beer
Genetic engineering
concerning drug production, the altering of microgenetics to create a desired outcome
Microorganism's role
Energy flow process; contributes to a majority of O2 in plants; decomposers - return things to the environment
Bioremediation
When we intentionally introduce microorganisms into our environment to clean up messes: oil spills, detoxication, garbage breakdown
Pathogens
Disease-causing agents; about 2000 micros known to cause disease in some sorts; 10 bil. infection/year worldwide; 13 mil. death from infection/year worldwide
Prokaryotic
Lacks specialized structures like membrance-bound nucleus and organelles; all are microorganisms
Eukaryotic
Has true nucleus; has membrane-bound organelles; not all are microorganism
Viruses
Have no cell structure; are simpler than cells; are basically contained of hereditary materials (DNA/RNA); protein coats
Free-living organisms
Don't require a host; get their food/nutrients from the environment; lives freely in the soil
Parasites
Get their food/nutrients from other orgamisms; require a host; tend to cause damage to the host
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Danish merchan, selling lines; developed the microscopes that go from 100X to 300X; 1st person ever to observe living microorganisms
Louis Pasteur
Developed aseptic techniques; developed rabbi vaccines
Cohn
Discovered that there are heat resistant bacteria
Abiogenesis
Living matter can come from non-living matter
Spontaneous generation
Early belief that some forms of life could arise from vital forces present in nonliving/decomposing matter
Gem theory of disease
Many diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body and not by sins, bad characters, or poverty, etc
Robert Koch
Established a sequence of experimental steps to show that a specific microorganism causes a particular disease; developed pure culture method; idetified causes of anthrax, TB, cholera
Lister
Discovered that handwashing is important
Eubacteria
True bacteria, peptidoglycan
Archaea
Odd bacteria that live in extreme environment: high salt, heat, etc
Eukarya
Have a nucleus, and organelles
Kingdom Moneana
No eukarya, just the odd and the true bacteria