corneal reflex
blinking in response to corneal stimulation by a cotton wisp
Blink reflex
rapidly blinked
corneal and blink reflex
eye reflexes
pupillary reflexes
light, accomodation, pupillary skin reflexes
light reflex
pupils constrict when you shine light on the eye
accomodation reflex
constriction of the pupil during near focusing
Pupillary skin reflex
pupil dilate when cheek pinched
tendon or stretch reflexes
patellar, biceps, triceps, ankle and wrist reflexes
convergence reflex
Iris converging when focusing on near object
patellar reflex
knee jerk
triceps reflex
forearm extension
Ankle reflex
Plantar flexion of ankle
Biceps reflex
flexion of the forearm.
Wrist reflex
flexion of fingers
sneezing reflex
What is activated by irritation of mucosa of the upper respiratory centre causing a sudden forceful expulsion of air through the nose and mouth?
palmar reflex
curling of fingers if palm is stroked
plantar reflex
elicited touching the soles of the feet. toes curl downward. (birth to 8 months)
Axon reflex
in response to tissue damage, nociceptor fibers can send APs toward the CNS and back toward sensory endings to cause release of neurotransmitters to heal the wound
Babinski reflex
Reflex in which a newborn fans out the toes when the sole of the foot is touched
palatal reflex
tonsils gets smaller and moves upward
Epigastric reflex
deepen abdomen
cremastric reflex
this reflex is elicited in males by stroking the upper inside of the thigh. In response, the testis on the same side is elevated by contracting muscles.
gluteal reflex
harden of gluteal maximus
stimulus
A change in the environment
4 changes in environment
light, temperature sound and chemical
receptor
detects stimuli and converts it into an impulse
squeezing
role of muscles
effector
bring about responses effector converts the impulse into an action
organs in receptors
sense organs
organs in effectors
muscles and glands
endocrine
ductless
exocrine
with ducts
nerve impulse
chemical and electrical
somatic
skeletal muscle
autonomic
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
PNS and CNS
two major division of brain
Type of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
cerebrum
0
cerebellum
0
Brainstem
0
Diencephalon
0
parts of brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata
0
pons
0
midbrain (mesencephalon)
0
Thalamus
0
Hypothalamus
0
Epithalamus
0
Protection of the brain
skull, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier
connective tissue of meninges
dura, arachnoid, and pia mater
function of meninges
protect and cover CNS, protect blood vessels, form patrition, contains CSF
meninx
singular form of meninges
choroid plexus
produces CSF and filter waste products
Foramen of Monro
connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
connects the third and fourth ventricles
medial and lateral apertures
drain the CSF from 4th ventricles into subarachnoid space
gyrus (gyri)
ridges
venous blood
deoxygenated blood, waste products
sulcus (sulci)
shallow grooves
fissure
deep groove
Broca's area
speech production
functional areas of cerebral cortex
motor, sensory, association areas
limbic system
A system in the forebrain that is closely linked with emotional response
melatonin (pineal gland)
regulates sleep/wake cycles
Hippocampus
converts new information
plasma
Liquid part of blood
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord
gray matter
a portion of the CNS consisting of cytons (cell bodies), their dendrites and synaptic connections
myelin sheath
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
pituitary gland
The endocrine system's most influential gland, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
synapse
Gap between neurons
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
compound used by cells to store and release energy
cerebrum function
thought and action (biggest part of brain)
Cerebellum function
Balance and coordination
brainstem function
responsible for automatic survival functions
parts of diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
white matter
Whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths.
medulla oblongata function
regulating vital function (breathing, digestion, heart rate)
Pons function
A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain
midbrain function
relay center for visual/auditory impulses/motor control
Thalamus function
sensory relay station
hypothalamus function
water balance/bp/temp regulation/hunger/thirst/sex.
epithalamus function
contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin