In 1650, males in the Chesapeake area competed for the affections of the extremely scarce women, whom they outnumbered nearly
6:1
By 1700, the most populous colony in English America was
Virginia
For their labor in the colonies indentured servants did not receive
A headright
By the end of the seventeenth century, indentured servants who gained their freedom
Had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages of their former masters.
The immediate reason for Bacon's Rebellion was
Indian attacks on frontier settlements
Many of the slaves who reached North America
Were originally captured by African coastal tribes
For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the middle passage can be best described as
The gruesome ocean voyage to America
Most of the early African immigrants
Did not gain their freedom
While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons
Racial discrimination also powerfully molded the American slave system
The salve society that developed in North America was one of the few slave societies in history to
Perpetuate itself by its own natural reproduction
Slave Christianity emphasized Jesus being the Messiah, that heaven was a place where they would be reunited with their ancestors, God freeing the Hebrews from slavery, and the use of religious songs as encoded messages for escape, but they did not emphasize
The concepts of humility and obedience
Compared with indentured servants, African American slaves were
A more manageable labor force
As slavery spread in the South
Gaps in the social structure widened
Most of the inhabitants of the colonial American South were
Landowning small farmers
It was typical of colonial New England adults to
Marry early and have several children
The New England family can be best described as
A very stable institution
Puritans refused to recognize a woman's separate property rights because
They worried that such rights would undercut the unity of married persons
In seventeenth-century colonial America, women
Did not have rights as individuals
The expansion of New England society
Proceeded in an orderly fashion
When new towns were established in New England
Families did not automatically receive land
The Puritan system of congregational church government logically led to
Democracy in political government
All of the consequences of the Half-Way Covenant are
A weakened distinction between the elect and the others, conferred partial membership rights in the once-exclusive congregations, increased number of church members, and women becoming the majority in Puritan congregations
As a result of poor soil, the following conditions prevailed in New England
Less ethnic mixing than southern neighbors, frugality becoming essential to economic survival, hard work becoming required to make a living, and encouragement of diversification in agriculture and industry
The combination of Calvinism, soil, and climate in New England resulted in people there being
Energetic, stubborn, self-reliant, and resourceful
By 1775,
The black population rose to over 1 million, white immigrants made up about 400,000 of the inhabitants, and the population of the thirteen colonies was over 2.5 million
One feature common to all of the eventually rebellious colonies was their
Rapidly growing populations
By the end of the 1700s, the percentage of people living in rural areas of colonial America was
90%
An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker's oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians
March of the Paxton Boys
The population of the thirteen colonies was
Perhaps the most diverse in the world, though it remained primarily Anglo-Saxon
The South held about this percent of the slaves in the thirteen colonies of North America
90%
Which colony had the most and least ethnic diversity
The Middle Colonies had the most ethnic diversity due to receiving a bulk of white immigrants while New England was the least diverse with a population of mostly Puritan migrants.
During the colonial era, all of these ethnic groups were in America
English, African, Indian, and French
By the mid-1700s, the number of poor people in American colonies
Remained tiny compared to the number in England
In 1760, South Carolina's colonial legislature was concerned about the danger of a concentration of resentful slaves, so they
Tried to pass a legislation that would halt the further importation of slaves to their colony. However, this measure was blocked by the British authorities, who sought to continue to provide the cheap labor.
The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South
Were not distributed evenly among whites
The least honored profession in early colonial society was
Medicine and law
The triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry
Involved New England trading rum for African slaves. Those slaves would then be traded for molasses in the West Indies which would be later distilled into rum.
The British merchant marine fleet was
One third American built
When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it was intended to act to
Inhibit colonial trade with the French West Indies
American colonists sought trade with countries other than Great Britain
To make money to buy what they wanted in Britain
Colonial American taverns were all of the following except
Frequented mainly by the lower class
English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because
The church would act as a major prop for royal authority
In 1775, the Congregational and Anglican churches were the only
Two established (tax-supported) churches in colonial America
By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was
Less fervid than when the colonies were established
In colonial America, education as mostly zealously promoted
In New England
The lack of development of art and artists in early colonial America was because of
The simplicity of pioneering life, lack of subjects to paint, lack of patrons who could afford expensive art, and the lack of art schools in America
By 1775, most governors of American colonies were
Appointed by the king
Colonial legislatures were often able to bend power of the governors to their will because
Colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors' salaries
In colonial elections
The right to vote was reserved for male, white property holders
By the mid-eighteenth century, North American colonies shared these traits
Majority English in language, Protestant in religion, opportunity for social mobility, and some degree of ethnic and religious toleration. They, however, did not have complete democracy.