What is the Innervation of the Iliacus?
Femoral Nerve (Branch of Lumbar Plexus)
What is the innervation of the Psoas Major
Medial nerve of thigh (Lumbar Plexus L1-L3)
What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?
SECOND PART OF DUODENUM, Right super-renal gland (Adrenal gland), Liver, Right colic flexor, small intestine
What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?
Left suprarenal (Adrenal) gland, stomach, spleen, pancreas, left colic flexure, descending colon, jejunum
Posterior relations of Left Kidney?
Diaphragm, psoas, quadratus lumborum, Transversus abdominis, RIB 11 & 12, subcostal (T12), iliohypogastric (L1), ilioinguinal (L1) nerves
Where are medullary rays present?
Renal cortex
What unites to form the renal pelvis?
Major calices
What does the Hilum of the kidney contain?
Renal vein, renal artery, URETER (most posterior)
What crosses the bifurcation of common iliac or external iliac artery in front of the sacroiliac joint?
Ureter
Shape of Suprarenal glands?
Right - Pyramidal Left - Semilunar
Suprarenal (Adrenal) glands are surround by ___________________ fat and enclosed in the _____________ _______________.
Perinephric; Renal fascia
Arterial supply for Superior suprarenal arteries
Inferior phrenic artery
Arterial supply for inferior suprarenal arteries
Renal artery
What are the posterior branches of the Abdominal Aorta?
Inferior phrenic arteries, Lumbar arteries, MEDIAN SACRAL ARTERIES
Where does the Abdominal Aorta enter and end
Enter - T12Ends - L4
What are the posterior branches of the Abdominal Aorta?
Inferior phrenic arteriesLumbar arteriesMEDIAN SACRAL ARTERIES
Where does the union of the common iliac veins occur (formation of IVC)?
L5
How is the pelvic inlet posteriorly formed?
Formed by the sacral promontory and the algae (wings) of the sacrum
How is the pelvic inlet laterally formed?
Formed by the Linea terminalis (arcuate line, pectin pubis, pubic crest)
_________ ________ is anteriorly formed by the pubic symphysis
Pelvic Inlet
What makes up the pelvic lateral wall?
PIRIFORMIS, innominate bone, obturator membrane, obturator internus
What does the pubococcygeus form?
Puboprostaticus, LEVATOR PROSTATAE, pubovaginalis (sphincter vaginae) and puboanalis
What is the nerve supply for the Levator Ani?
S4 and pudendal nerve
What is the largest and smallest muscle of the pelvic diaphragm?
Largest - Levator AniSmallest - Coccygeus
What is the nerve supply for the Coccygeus
S3 and S4
Continuation of the pelvic (sigmoid) colon is:
Rectum
Where does the rectum begin and end?
Begin: S3Ends: 1 inch in front of the tip of coccyx
Characteristics of the rectal ampulla
No taeniae coliNo omental appendicesNo sacculations (haustra of the colon)
In females what is the deepest part of the peritoneal cavity (fluid gathers here)?
Rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas)
What is the terminal arterial branch supplying the rectum?
Superior Rectal artery: inferior mesenteric artery
What is the most important arterial branch supplying the rectum?
Superior rectal artery: Inferior mesenteric artery
Smooth triangular area between the openings of the ureters and the the urethra on the inside of the bladder is known as:
Trigone or inner base
The outer base of the bladder?
Seminal vesicles and vas deferens
Where is the sphincter vesicae present?
Wall of bladderControlled by smooth autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathic)
The superior vesical artery is a branch of what?
internal iliac artery
External bladder sphincter is under ______________ control and is innervated by the _________ ____________.
VoluntaryPudendal nerve
The testes descend through what?
Inguinal canal into the scrotum.
What is the venous draining of the testes?
Right and left testicular vein
The left testicular vein drains into:
Left renal vein
What joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct?
Seminal vesicles
Where is the prostate located?
Present in pelvic cavity below neck of bladder
What makes up the posterior surface of the prostate?
Ejaculatory ducts pierce the surface to reach the prostatic urethra
What lobe of the prostate commonly enlarges?
Middle (median) lobe
What is the venous drainage for the prostate?
Prostatic venous plexus
What does the prostatic venous plexus drain into
Internal iliac vein and VERTEBRAL VEINS
What is the internal os?
Opening between the body of the uterus and the cervix
What is the external os?
opening between the cervix and the vagina
Angle between the long axis of cervix and the long axis of the vagina
Anteversion
Contents of the broad ligament
UTERINE TUBERound ligament of uterusRound ligament of the ovaryUterine and ovarian blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
Posterior relations of the broad ligament
Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
Ovarian vessels, nerves, and lymphatics enter the SUPERIOR POLE of the ovary
Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary
Ovarian arteries branch off the abdominal aorta where?
L1
Parts of uterine tubes
Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
What part of the uterine tube is farthest away (most lateral to uterus?)
Infundibulum
The posterior fornix is also known as
Pouch of DouglasRectoutrine Pouch
The sacral plexus is formed by:
ANTERIOR RAMI OF L4-S4Anterior surface of the piriformis
Pudendal nerves is a branch of what?
Sacral Plexus
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) are parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves?
Parasympathetic
Common Iliac arteries begin at the ________________ ___ ______________.
bifurcation fo aorta (L4)
Common iliac arteries end where?
in front of the sacroiliac joint
Anterior Division of Internal iliac artery?
Several but DB just hasInternal pudendal arteryhighlighted
Artery nearest to the rectum?
Internal pudendal arterybranch: inferior rectal artery
Posterior boundary of Anal Triangle?
tip of coccyx
What type of epithelium is present in the upper part of the anal canal?
Columnar
What extends from the rectal ampulla to the anal aperture (anus)?
Anal Canal
What is formed by the fascia over obturator internus?
Pudendal Canal
Boundaries of Urogenital triangle
Anterior: symphysis pubisLateral: ischiopubic ramiPosterior: Imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities
Contents of urogenital triangle
Male: Penis, scrotumFemale: External genitalia (vulva), orifices of urethra and vagina
What is the most important inferior rectal nerve?
pudendal nerve
The area between the membranous layer of the superficial fascia (Colle's fascia) and the urogenital diaphragm
Superficial Perineal Pouch
Contents of the Superficial perineal pouch in males
Lots but DB just has one highlightedBulbospongiosus muscle
Contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females
perineal bodyGreater vestibular (Bartholin's) glandsonce again lots of stuff, but only one these from DB
The external urethral sphincter is located where?
Deep perineal pouch in females
The internal pudendal artery is a branch off what?
Internal iliac artery
Nerve Supply of the Obturator internus?
Sacral Plexus