Marriage & Family Midterm

Which of the following contributed to the development and growth of family therapy?

The initial establishment of marriage counseling; pg. 5

Which of the following groups, in the 1920s and 1930s, worked with families from an educational perspective to help them to better understand the dynamics of their family situation?

Marriage Counselors; pg. 5

Which one of these individuals is responsible for forming the American Association of Marriage Counselors (AAMC)?

Ernest Groves; pg. 5

The systems theory developed by Bertanlanffy (1968) had less reliance on _____ and more emphasis on _____.

linear causality; circular causality; pg. 11

Jack, a family therapist in the 1960's, emphasizes the importance of self-esteem, compassion, and congruent expression of feelings. Whose model of family therapy is Jack likely following?

Virginia Satir; pg. 9

A type of questioning developed by the Milan Associates, emphasized asking questions that highlighted differences among family members. This type of questioning is called:

Circular Questioning; pg. 14

A person who receives a message to "act boldly and be careful" is receiving which type of communication, according to Bateson et al., 1956)?

Double-bind; pg. 7

Which one of the following therapists wrote on conjoint couple therapy and broke with traditional psychotherapy of the time by including spouses and children in therapy?

Virginia Satir; pg. 10

Family therapy focuses on the _____ rather than the _____, which creates new and unique ways of resolving problems.

system; individual; pg. 11

In which theory of family therapy is it proposed that human suffering is embedded within a biopsychosocial-cultural framework?

Biopsychosocial Family Therapy?

Which of the following refers to asking a third family member how two other members of a family relate?

Triadic Questioning; pg. 14

James gives conflicting explanations of events to mask what is really going on between family members. According to Laing (1965), James behavior can be described as ____________________.

mystification; pg. 14

Which of the following is a body of ideas about gender hierarchy and its impact rather than a specific model of therapy?

Feminist Family Therapy; pg. 15

Which of the following was a major goal of the Women's Project in Family Therapy?

To bring awareness to the absence of gender in the formation of systems theory; pg. 16

Which of the following organizations is a division of the American Counseling Association?

International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors; pg. 17

Which of the following therapies focuses on intensive family therapy along with community-based support for working with juvenile offenders with serious antisocial behaviors?

Multisystemic Therapy; pg. 16

Which of the following is a democratic and collaborative model of working with couples and families, in which clinical observers of a therapeutic session come out from behind a one-way-mirror observing room to interact with the therapist and couple/family?

The Reflecting Team Approach; pg. 19

This approach, developed by Carol Anderson (1988), is used with families that have a member with schizophrenia. Attention is given to teaching family members about multiple aspects of mental illness in a day-long survival skills workshop.

Psychoeducational Model; pg. 19

Which of the following is a philosophy that states that our experiences are a function of how we think about them instead of objective entities?

Social constructionism; pg. 19

In which court ruling did the Supreme court rule that section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment?

United States v. Windsor; pg. 23

Families may respond to change by using negative feedback loops, which are loops that:

Promote a return to the status quo; pg. 33

Families may respond to change by using positive feedback loops, which are loops that:

Promote change; pg. 33

The family life cycle is useful in studying families from a(n) _____ perspective.

Developmental; pg. 35

The three time dimensions referred to as the 'life course' are:

Individual, social, historical; pg. 35

Erik Erikson, a pioneer in the area of human growth and development, developed an eight stage model of individual development. The first five stages focus on individual skill and identity development. The last three stages focus on:

Interpersonal development; pg. 38

Family subsystems include all of the following EXCEPT:

Boys/men;

A key task of Stage 1, Leaving Home, of Carter and McGoldrick's life cycle model is:

separation from the family of origin; pg. 39

In Stage 5, Launching Children and Moving On, families typically seek family therapy due to:

Lack of meaning or enjoyment in life; pg. 45

During the New Couple stage, a major task for the couple is:

All of the above; pg. 41

Circular causality differs from linear causality. In linear causality, _____.

Family member's actions move in one direction only; pg. 32

A relatively recent development is couples who have adolescents and aging parents to take care of, and who feel they are squeezed psychologically and physically. This development is called:

Sandwich generation; pg. 43

Although at first they seem very different, the individual and family life cycle models share an emphasis on:

Growth & development; pg. 47

Mike, an emerging adult, has developed what Bowen (1978) calls a solid self. Which of the following, therefore, would accurately describe Mike?

His beliefs and convictions are not adaptive to others, often resulting in emotional dysregulation; pg. 39

Which of the following statements is true regarding family?

Definitions of families have changed over generations and across cultures; pg.

Based on your knowledge of the family life cycle, what unique challenges might Bob and Marie face as a new couple with a baby?

Adjusting, adapting, and making decisions together, particularly around where to live, how many children to have, parenting styles, and how they will spend their money; pg. 41

Which of the following is accurate regarding individual and family life cycle stages?

Family and individual lifestyles are independent of each other; pg. 47

Which of the following describes the term, cybernetics?

Systems that regulate themselves through means of feedback loops; pg. 31

Which of the following groups is considered the second happiest group?

Singles; pg. 40

Which of the following is a practical challenge of a family in the launching children and moving on stage of the family life cycle?

Financial burdens and a refocus on work; pg. 45

In which phase of chronic illness would someone be classified if one were working toward developing a new sense of self and purpose?

Resolution; pg. 51

Studies reveal that healthy and functional families in virtually all cultures are able to:

All of the above; pg. 61

Members of healthy families often use humor, soothing comments, or changes of subject to steer difficult family conversations in positive directions. This process of redirecting difficult conversations is known as:

Repair; pg. 63

Horizontal stressors are:

Related to current events; pg. 66

Symmetrical interaction is based on:

Similarity of behavior; pg. 70

Cohesion, or emotional bonding, can be measured on four levels from low to high:

disengaged, separated, connected, enmeshed; pg. 72

In the ABCX Model, the "C" is ___________.

the meaning or interpretation the family attaches to the experience; pg. 74

There are two levels of change, first-order and second-order. First-order change is characterized by:

Superficial change; pg. 74

Centrifugal families are more _____ than centripetal families.

Disengaged; pg. 71

The Double ABCX Model differs from the ABCX Model in some significant ways, including:

Focus on family interactions over time; pg. 74

Useful family characteristics for coping with stress include all the following except:

Identification of the family member who caused the problem; pgs. 73-74

Which of the following are the three most prevalent family forms in the United States?

Nuclear, single parent, and blended; pg. 57

All of the following are characteristics of healthy families, EXCEPT

Low volume communication restricted to just a few topics; pg. 62

According to research, a religious/spiritual orientation to life, on average, has which effect on families?

Correlates with an overall sense of marital and family health and well-being; pg. 63

Mary, a 15-year-old girl, recently learned that she is pregnant, which is causing a great deal of stress for her and her family. Which kind of stressor would this be considered?

Horizontal stressor; pg. 66

Which of the following refers to all the random, chance circumstances of life, some fortunate and others not?

Happenstance; pg. 68

The Smith family has very defined and fairly rigid family member roles. Max, the husband, is very dominant and, his wife, Jan, is submissive. Based on this information, which relationship best describes the Smith family?

Complementary; pg. 70

The Jones family, after a few months of intensive therapy, have changed the rules and behaviors by which their family is governed and how individual members of the family interact. What kind of change did the Jones family experience?

Second-order change; pg. 75

Which of the following is accurate about balanced families in terms of cohesion and adaptability?

They are flexible and connected.; pg. 73

Which of the following is true regarding parallel relationships?

Both complementary and symmetrical exchanges occur as appropriate; pg. 71

Jim is socially isolated and disorganized. He recently ran away from home after experiencing a great deal of neglect and rejection from his parents. Based on this information, which of the following statements is most likely regarding Jim's family?

Jim likely comes from a family in which centrifugal forces are dominant; pg. 71

In the _____, families created by divorce began to exceed those created by death.

1950s; pg. 81

A large and rapidly growing segment of the population is

Single-parent families formed through choice; pg. 84

Healthy adjustment of children is strongly correlated with

premarital counseling; pg. 90

Single-parent families tend to be more _____ than most family types.

Democratic; pg. 88

Which of the following is not a recommended educational or behavioral strategy that can help strengthen aspects of single-parent families?

Helping family members maintain negative communication patterns; pg. 91

Children of divorce are _______________ to divorce than others.

More likely; pg. 90

To help kids through the divorce process, it can be helpful to:

define and refine clear boundaries and roles; pg. 93

A major challenge for children in blended families is:

Establishing a new identity; pg. 99

Establishing a blended family

Is a complex process; pg. 94

The structure of most blended families initially includes

Weak couple subsystem; pg. 98

A formerly married person's ex-spouse, the ex-spouse's new husband or wife, and his or her blood kin are called ______.

Quasi kin; pg. 98

In working with blended families, therapists should

be passive; pg. 108

An important step in developing new relationships in blended families is

Giving up old loyalties to make space for new ties; pg. 97

_____ can help blended families understand the differences between blended family and non-blended family systems and provide guidelines for handling typical situations.

Education; pg. 105

Questions such as "Who are the real members of my family?" "What space is mine?" or "Where do I really belong?" are examples of what kind of challenges in blended families?

Boundary Difficulties; pg. 103

John, an African-American teenager, takes on many of the roles of an adult, even though he is only 12-years-old. According to research, which of the following would apply to John?

John's will likely be more securely attached to others as a result of parentification; pg. 93

Which of the following is not considered a strength of a single-parent family?

They have unclear and undefined boundaries and roles; pg. 89

All of the following are true regarding successful outcomes of therapy for single-parent families, EXCEPT:

The single-parent family becomes a blended family; pg. 92

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding divorce?

Divorce does not end family life; rather, it alters its shape; pg. 82

Manny, a family counselor, is working with a child who is struggling to adjust to his new blended family. Manny suggests that the child read the book, The Boys and Girs Book about Stepfamlies. Which of the following statements is accurate about this technique?

There are numerous books and resources that can be used in a therapeutic way to help individuals who are adjusting to a blended family situation; pg. 105

Multiculturalism is

a term used to refer to distinct cultural groups within a region or nation and their needs; pg. 115

Culture is

a multidimensional concept that encompasses the collective realities of a group of people; pg. 114

An intercultural couple is working on melding each of their cultures together and celebrating each. This means that they are work on which one of the following?

Integration; pg. 115

Maria tends to see her clients, irrespective of cultural or racial/ethnic background, as the same. Which of the following terms properly describes Maria?

Culturally encapsulated; pg. 118

All of the following are examples of an external challenge that LGBT individuals face, EXCEPT

Struggles with sense of self; pg. 120

Traditionally, African Americans have relied on _____ for support.

Extended family networks; pg. 124

Although utilization rates for individual therapy are _____ among African Americans, they are _____ for family therapy.

high, low; pg. 124

Maki, an Asian American adolescent has adapted to United States culture much quicker than his mother and father. Which of the following terms describes this phenomenon?

Acculturation gap; pg. 126

The Chang family, an Asian American family, recently began working with a family therapist at the request of a school social worker. Which of the following statements, based on information in your text, would be an important consideration for the family therapists?

Make sure the family is familiar with and educated about therapy; pg. 126

Which of the following is true regarding Latina/o couples and families relative to mental health?

Latina/o families and couples experience a high rate of mental health issues, but utilize mental health services at a lower rate than other ethnic/racial groups; pg. 128

Edward, a family therapist, prefers to use short-term theories of family therapy, particularly one that emphasizes structured, child-centered play therapy in which parents are taught to respond to their children on an emotional level. According to this description, Edward is likely practicing which type of therapy?

Filial therapy; pg. 129

Which of the following, based on acculturation research, is accurate?

Family members may acculturate at different rates; pg. 129

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding Asian American families and racism?

Racism is problematic for Asian American families, similar to other ethnic minority families, and it may disrupt interal family dynamics as well as outside relationships; pg. 126

Dr. Ong works with a number of Latino couples, and she uses an empirically supported, skill-based group program designed to teach couples to build and maintain health relationships. Which of the following techniques, based on this description, is Dr. Ong using?

Solution-Focused Brief Couples Therapy (SFBCT);

Marsha, a family therapist, is working with an American Indian family. She has read that open-ended questions lead to responses more than closed questions. Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?

What would you like to discuss today?; pg. 130

In the ESCAPE acronym developed by Boynton (1987), the S stands for

Sensitivity to culture; pg. 135

Which of the following is accurate regarding traditional help-seeking behaviors of Arab Americans?

Individuals from Arab cultures usually only seek outside help from so-called helpers or doctors as a last resort; pg. 132

WASP" families, according to the text, are known for their _____________.

high levels of emotional expressivity; pg. 133

Which one of the following models emphasizes the values, beliefs, and orientation of different ethnic cultural groups?

culture-specific model of multicultural counseling; pg. 133

In all forms of family therapy with culturally diverse families, it is essential for family therapists to:

Explore personal biases and values; pg. 134

Relationship ethics refer to ethics in a family that are based on the principles of:

Equitability and caring; pg. 140

There are five primary models and resources for making ethical decisions. They include all the following EXCEPT:

Action-oriented research; pgs. 144-146

The ethical principle of _____ goes beyond the avoidance of doing possible harm to clients and includes doing good and promoting the welfare of the client.

Nonmalficence; pg. 147

The responsibility for maintaining confidentiality lies with

Both the client and the therapist; pg. 148

Multicultural competence is necessary to insure therapists do not impose their values on families. One way to avoid serious ethical errors in working with minority culture families is the _____ perspective, which identifies what is culturally significant from the family's perspective rather than from a prescribed cultural perspective that may not be relevant to a family.

Culturally relevant; pg. 151

When unethical behavior is observed, the behavior should first be

Discussed with the person observed to act unethically; pg. 152

Marriage and family therapists may be called to provide testimony in court. One role in which family therapists are asked to testify about probable causes and recommendations in regard to family members is called:

Expert witness; pg. 156

Failure to fulfill the requisite standard of care when providing therapy services can result in

A malpractice suit; pg. 157

Most marriage and family therapists in the United States practice

Full time; pg. 160

Most marriage and family therapy clients are

Women; pg. 161

Most marriage and family therapists have a

Master's degree; pg. 160

The most widely used treatment approach by marriage and family therapists is:

Cognitive-behavioral approaches; pg. 161

The professional association that focuses on accrediting educational institutions and advocating for MFT licensure at the state level is:

AAMFT; pg. 162

What are the two accrediting bodies for marriage and family training programs?

COAMFTE and CACREP; pg. 164

_____________ results from a lawsuit by a client against a therapist for professional malpractice (negligence)

Civil liability; pg. 153

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding sexual relations between family therapists and the clients with whom they work?

All codes of ethics of family therapy associations strictly forbid sexual relations between therapists and clients; pg. 150

Jack, a family therapist, failed to report child abuse. This action would be consider which type of liability?

Criminal liability; pgs. 153-154

Jill, a family therapist, has been struggling with a great deal of interpersonal and finacial stressors since she and her husband decided to separate. Jill believes she can bracket these issues when working with clients. When her financial situation was better, she took on a number of pro bono families. Now, she's thinking of terminating with some of her pro bono clients so that she can open up space for paying clients. Which metaethical principle regarding loyalty would Jill potentially be breaking if she followed through with this plan?

Fidelity; pg. 147

In which court case was it detrmined that a therapist could not be forced to testify about confidential communications in treatment settings?

Jaffe v. Redmond; pg. 148

_______________________ is a client's legal right, guaranteed by statute, that confidences originating in a therapeutic relationship will be safeguarded.

Privileged communication; pg. 148

Third party reimbursement for private practitioners has changed over time from a _____ health care system to a _____ health care system.

Fee-for-service, managed care; pg. 159

In managed care systems, submitting written justification for treatment and comprehensive treatment plans is called:

Utilization review; pg. 159

Beginning family therapists often overemphasize and try and do too much. All of the following are examples of overemphasis except:

Establishing structure; pgs. 174-176

SOLER is an acronym which describes effective interactive skills for therapists. In this acronym, the "R" stands for:

Relax and feel comfortable; pg. 179

Critical factors in the success of the first few sessions are:

Structuring and supportive behaviors; pg. 182

In family therapy, establishing a sense of comfort and trust with the family is called:

Joining; pg. 182

Almost all families exhibit resistance of some kind during treatment. Which of the following is an example of resistance:

A client who wonders out loud if counseling is really what the family needs; pg. 185

Involving peripheral members and pushing family members to make changes and breakthroughs is a characteristic of which phase of treatment?

Middle; pg. 187

Termination from treatment is often premature, with _____ of families dropping out before therapy is finished.

40% to 60%; pg. 192

A counselor who attempts to get uninvolved family members to participate by asking him or her to give his or her impressions about the different interactions of other family members is using what technique?

Circular Questioning; pg. 187

In which technique does a therapist give families permission to do what they were going to do anyway?

Paradox; pg. 186

The Jones family tend to be overinvolved in each others' lives, both physically and psychologically. This is called:

Enmeshment; pg. 184

When two members of a larger family system group together, they are said to be ________________

A subsystem; pg. 183

Which of the following focuses on a family becoming motivated to make changes?

Battle for initiative; pg. 179

Which one of the following must be won by the therapist, otherwise the family members could attempt to run the therapy sessions in a nonproductive manner?

Battle for structure; pg. 177

The person whom a family selects as the person who "causes" all the difficulties within the famly is called the __________________.

Scapegoat; pg. 176

Which one of the following processes consists in a therapist asking a couple or family to attend to the process of the relationship rather than the content?

Redirection; pg. 175

____________________ focuses on details and facts; whereas, _____________________ focuses on "how" information is desalt with in an interaction.

Content, process; pg. 174

_________________________ is the art of attributing different meaning to behavior so the behavior will be seen differently by the family.

Reframing; pg. 186

________________________ refers to something for something, such as children agreeing to do chores if the parents make Saturday dinner a pizza dinner

Quid pro quo; pg. 188

Reorientation and change can take place in families by addressing which of the following areas?

All of the above; pg. 193

John, a family therapist, scheduled a time with the family several months after their formal treatment ended. This is called _______________.

Follow up; pg. 194

In premarital counseling, the focus is on _______________.

Prevention; pg. 199

The overall goal of marriage enrichment, education, and enhancement programs is to

Improve the functioning and quality of marriages; pg. 203

There are three preventive approaches to working with couples. They are:

Universal, selective, indicated; pg. 200

Crisis oriented couples approaches are _____ effective in the long term than approaches with developmental perspectives.

Less; pg. 207

Which couples therapy approach focuses primarily on negotiating pleasant behaviors and teaching problem solving and communication skills?

Behavioral Couple Therapy; pg. 208

Which couples therapy approach focuses on the dual perspectives of intrapsychic processes and interpersonal processes?

Emotionally Focused Therapy; pg. 213

A procedure used in behavioral couples approaches in which one or both partners act as if they care about each other, regardless of the other's actions, is called:

Caring days; pg. 209

The process of helping families or couples settle disputes or dissolve their relationships in a nonadversarial way is called:

Family mediation; pg. 222

Important goals of divorce therapy would include all the following EXCEPT:

Building attachment and connectedness; pg. 220-221

Mediation, when compared to divorce proceedings, is _____.

All of the above; pg. 222

Infidelity in American society is:

Common; pg. 218

Risk factors for infidelity are higher for _______________ and ________________.

African Americans, males; pg. 218

In treating cases of infidelity, three recovery stages have been identified.

Stage 1: an emotional roller coaster of emotions Stage 2: a moratoriumStage 3: trust building; pg. 218

Which of the following is considered an effective treatment for infidelity?

Behavioral Couple Therapy; pg. 219

When treating cases of infidelity, it is important for therapists to assess for the _____ context, as this may define how a couple view unfaithfulness.

Culture; pg. 218

In the SMART mnemonic, what does the "R" stand for?

Can't find in book or online

Which one of the following is NOT a stage, or blueprint, of the Sound Relationship House Theory?

Not in book

Dave, a couples therapist focuses on making interventions with at-risk groups in order to prevent problems. In what type of prevention is Dave engaged?

Selective; pg. 200

Of the popular instruments used to work with couples, which is considered the easiest instrument to interpet and to use in large groups and teaching settings?

RELATE; pg. 199

____________________ is defined as a therapist working with two individuals to improve their relationship as a dyad.

Couple therapy; pg. 198

Which of the following statements most accurately describes transgenerational family therapies?

They examine the interactions of families across generations as a way of understanding current problems and predicting future challenges; pg. 227

Provoking family members to open up and say what is on their mind is a technique known as

Tickling of defenses; pg. 229

Splitting is a way of evaluating relationships that result in viewing object representations as:

All good or all bad; pg. 231

Which of the following refers to an unconscious, dysfunctional process that takes place between family members that keeps them together?

Interlocking pathology; pg. 230

A psychodynamic family therapy treatment technique used to understand dominant feelings within a family and identify which emotions are being directed toward what people is called:

Transference; pg. 231

Psychodynamic family therapy is primarily _____ in nature.

Linear; pg. 236

Which of the following refers to relations between persons involved in ardent emotional attachments?

Object relations; pg. 230

Which theorist established the Family Institute in New York in 1960, as well as became the cofounder of Family Process?

Nathan Ackerman; pg. 229

_________________ refers to the projection of feelings, attitudes, or desires of a significant other onto a therapist.

Transference; pg. 231

Which of the following is the objective of dream analysis in psychodynamic family therapy?

From a Jungian, spirituality perspective, dream analysis helps therapists determine the collective spiritual connectedness/disconnectedness of family members; pg. 232

An internal thought of, "I want to buy a new car, but I think I should save my money," changed to "I want a new car, but my wife thinks we should save our money," is an example of __________________.

Projective identification

When a therapist points out to families how their behaviors contradict or conflict with expressed wishes, the therapist is using what psychodynamic technique?

Confrontation; pg. 232

Which of the following terms is the degree of harmony in the meshing of family roles?

Complimentary; pg. 233

____________ is a psychodynamic therapist role in which the therapist moves into the "living space" of the family and stirs of interactions.

Catalyst; pg. 234

_____________ refers to the point at which individuals have reached a level of maturity at which they can balance their rational cognitive and emotional selves and can separte themselves from others in a nonanxious way.

Differentiation of self; pg. 234

Bill expresses a deep passion for fidelity and loyalty in marriage by frequently expressing his admiration and love for his wife on bumper stickers and social media posts. Acquaintances of Bill are shocked to learn that he was caught in a sting operation in which he was soliciting a prostitute. The inconsistencies in Bill's expressions and behaviors could be conceptualized as which defense mechanism?

Reaction Formation; pg. 235

_________________ is a lesser form of dissociation, wherein parts of oneself are separated from aweareness of other parts and behaving as if one had separate sets of values.

Not found

Bill receives a reprimand from his administrative supervisor at work. When he gets home, he yells at his young children for not doing their chores quickly enough. Bill's behavior is an example of _____________.

Displacement; pg. 235

A genogram is a visual representation of a person's family tree, going back at least three generations. It is useful in all the following ways except:

Tracks relationship changes; pgs. 243-244

_____ is a frequent way of dealing with anxiety in which tension between two persons is projected onto another object.

Triangulation; pg. 241

In Bowen Family Therapy, the term for patterns and strategies of coping with stress that are passed down from generation to generation is called:

Bowen transmission process; pg. 241

The result of successful separation from your family of origin and distinguishing your rational and emotional selves is:

Differentiation; pg. 240

Which theorist initiated the founding of the American Family Therapy Academy (AFTA)?

Murray Bowen; pg. 239

According to Bowen, there are two counterbalancing forces: _____________ and ____________.

Individuality and togetherness; pg. 240

_________________ refers to statements that express feelings and thoughts in a personal and responsible way that encourages others to express their opinions.

I" position; pg. 240

___________________ is the merging of intellectual and emotional functions so that an individual does not have a clear sense of self and others.

Fusion; pg. 240

Individuals in a relationship who have low levels of differentiation have difficulty establishing ____________ because they have only a _________________.

Intimacy; pseudo individuation / pseudo self; pg. 241

When Bowen family therapists are working to help people, especially couples, separate their feelings from their intellect, they are engaging in ______________________.

Detriangulation; pg. 242

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding Bowen's emphasis on sibling position?

Bowen suggested that people develop fixed personality characteristics based on their functional birth order in the family; pg. 242

Which of the following, according to Bowen, occurs when a society experiences rapid population growth and/or steep economic decline?

Bowen theorized that societies either progress or regress. Thus, the factors indicated above would likely cause societal regression; pg. 242

Which one of the following statements reflects Bowen's attitude toward asking questions?

Asking questions is the "magic bullet" and the main tool of therapy; pg. 246

Which of the following statements reflect Bowen's belief in discouraging emotional reactions to anxiety experienced in therapy?

None of the above; pg. 239-240

Which of the following would be considered a goal of treatment in family counseling from a Bowenian perspective?

Family members will understand intergenerational patterns and gain insight into historical circumstances that have influenced the ways they presently interact; pg. 247

Which one of the following is true regarding the process of Bowen Family Therapy?

The chief focus and place where change is emphasized is the individual or couple. The whole family is usually not seen; pg. 247

The major emphasis of experiential family therapy is:

Affect and expression of feelings; pg. 254

Experiential family therapy is interested in exploring:

The present; pg. 254

The following theorist belongs to the group of experiential family therapists who practice with few techniques and a strong emphasis on self, spontaneity, and creativity:

Carl Whitaker; pg. 256

In Satir's communication roles, the _____ avoids conflict at the cost of his or her integrity.

Placater; pg. 259

A technique in experiential family therapy in which family members are physically placed into positions symbolizing actual relationships as seen by one or more members is called:

Sculpting; pg. 260

If successful, using _____ will reduce tension and promote insight. If unsuccessful, it may alienate some or all family members.

Humor; pg. 261

A tool used in family reconstruction is

Wheel of circle of influence; pg. 264

The use of ____________ is thought to increase the effectiveness of treatment by allowing greater utilization of intuition.

Co-therapists; pg. 267

Although their methods were different, Satir and Whitaker agreed that the primary goal of experiential family therapy is:

Growth, sensitivity, and sharing of feelings; pg. 269

____________ is a general term for a variety of therapeutic interventions that use play media as the basis for communicating and working with children.

Play therapy; pg. 264

Which of the following, according to experiential theory, is associated with not feeling or expressing emotions and results in the expression of symptoms such as avoidance within one or more family members.

Emotional deadness; pg. 257

Which of the following statements, according to experiential family therapy, occurs in dysfunctional families?

Family members speak in the first person, plural (i.e., we); pg. 259

_____________ refer(s) to congruent communication in which straight, genuine, and real expressions of one's feelings and wishes are made in an appropriate context.

Leveling; pg. 259

________________ is an individual who says and makes irrelevant statements that direct attention away from the issue and discussion.

Distractor; pg. 259

In _____________________ family members are asked to symbolically enact a pattern or a sequence in their relationship to one another.

Choreography; pg. 261

______________________, according to Satir, concentrates on revealing to family member the source of their old learning, enabling family members to develop a more realistic picture of who their parents are as persons, and setting up ways for family members to discover their respective personhoods.

Family reconstruction; pg. 262

In which intervention are families given the instruction to draw a picture as they see themselves as a family?

Conjoint family drawing; pg. 266

___________________ was the primary therapist to apply behavior theory to family problems in the 1960s.

Gerald Patterson; pg. 277

A basic premise of behavioral family therapy is

All behavior is learned; pg. 278

An approach that stresses the rewards and costs of relationships in family life according to a behavioral economy is called:

Social exchange theory; pg. 279

All of the following are behavioral treatment techniques except:

Tracking; pgs. 284-285

In ________________ people learn through rewards and punishments to respond behaviorally in certain ways.

Operant conditioning; pg. 277

In _____, a neutral stimulus is paired up with another event to elicit certain emotions through association.

Classical conditioning; pg. 285

A written schedule describing terms for trading or exchanging behaviors and reinforcers between two or more individuals is known as:

Contingency contract; pg. 285

______________ spend more time discussing issues with family members than do ______________.

Cognitive-behavioral therapists, behavioral therapists; pg. 290

________________ is an age appropriate type of time out for adolescents and preadolescents.

Job card grounding; pg. 287

Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral family therapy are focused on

All of the above

______________________ stresses the importance of modeling new behaviors.

Social learning theory; pg. 276

Jacobson defined ___________________ as loving one's partner as a complete person and not focusing on differences.

Acceptance; pg. 278

Which of the following behavioral terms is defined as asking for what one wants?

Assertiveness; pg. 279

Which of the following is an example of intrapsychic conflict?

Shame; pg. 283

Which of the following terms can be defined as personal or collective core beliefs?

Schema; pg. 283

When a parent takes away previous reinforcers of an action so that a behavior returns to its original level, what behavioral technique is this parent employing?

Negative reinforcement; pg.

Which of the following concepts involves the likelihood that two people will reinforce each other at approximately equitable rates over time?

Reciprocity; pg. 286

Which of the following involves learning in small, gradual steps?

Shaping; pg. 286

Which of the following terms depicts a process in which a person's dysfunctional anxiety is reduced or eliminated through pairing it with incompatible behavior such as muscular or mental relaxation, a gradual process in which proressively higher levels of anxiety are treated one step at a time.

Systemic desensitization; pg. 286

_______________ is a behavior modification technique in which parents make a list of small chores that take 15 to 20 minutes to complete that are tasked to children or adolescents when a problem behavior begins. The adolescent is, therefore, grounded unitl the job is finished succesfully.

Job card grounding; pg. 287

In order to highlight and modify interactions in the family, structural therapists must use intensity to

break families loose from their patterns of equilibrium; pg. 307

Unbalancing" involves

taking sides; pg. 308

Boundaries are physical and psychological factors that separate people from one another and help organize them. The healthiest boundaries are:

Clear; pg. 301

Subsystems may be all the following EXCEPT:

Cross-generational; pg. 300

______________ are ways that family members join together or oppose one another in carrying out family activities.

Alignments; pg. 303

There are four techniques for 'joining' with family members. In which technique does a make personal adjustments in order to achieve a therapeutic alliance?

Accommodation; pg. 305

The technique of changing a perception by explaining a situation from a different context is called:

Reframing; pg. 305

The structural family therapy approach has a focus on:

The present; pg. 311

In the structural approach to working with families, the focus is on _____, not _____.

Action, discussion; pg. 310

An alliance between specific family members against a third member is called a(n):

Coalition; pg. 299

__________________, according to Minuchin, is an invisible set of functional demands that organizes the ways in which family members interact.

Family structure; pg. 299

_______________ is an alliance in which the pair holds a third family member responsible for their difficulties or conflicts with one another, thus decreasing the stress on themselves or their relationship.

Detouring coalition; pg. 300

A grandfather, Jack, is responsible for the care of his grandson, Tim. This would constitute which type of system in structural family theory?

Parental; pg. 300

Which of the following contains members of two different generations within it?

Cross-generational alliance (coalition); pg. 300

In which type of boundary is there not enough separation between family members, which can create fusion?

Diffuse; pg. 302

Which of the following is a system process in which children become involved in parents' conflictual interactions by taking sides, distracting parents, and carrying messages to avoid or minimize conflict between parents?

Triangulation; pg. 302

___________ is the process of coupling that occurs between the therapist and the family, leading to the development of the therapeutic system.

Joining; pg. 304

In which technique do therapists ally with a subsystem to support an individual or subsystem against the rest of the family?

Unbalancing; pg. 306

_______________ is the structural method of changing maladaptive transactions by using strong affect, repeated intervention, or prolonged pressure.

Intensity; pg. 307

__________________ is a confusing message meant to frustrate or confuse families and motivate them to search for alternatives.

Paradox; pg. 308

Strategic family therapy has been strongly influenced by the work of:

Milton Erikson; pg. 216

Goals in strategic family therapy include all the following EXCEPT:

Instilling insight; pg. --

In strategic family therapy, instructions from the therapist for the family to behave differently are called

Directive; pg. 321

An example of a paradoxical technique would be:

Prescribing the symptom; pg. 321

A strategic family therapy technique with a goal for the client to give up symptomatic behavior in order to avoid performing a constructive behavior is known as:

Ordeal; pg. 322

A method of interviewing in which questions are asked to highlight differences among family members is known as:

Circular Questioning; pg. 328

The reason that strategic and structural family therapy overlap is due to _______ who worked in both strategic and structural family therapy environments.

Jay Haley; pg. 318

Strategic family therapy has been found to be successful in treating families and their members who display such dysfunctional behaviors as ______

All of the above; pg. 323

The strategic family therapist works as an expert and is overtly active believing that it is essential to make changes in people and families within the first _____ sessions.

Three; pg. 323

Strategic family therapists believe that families interact within a limited range of repetitive behavioral sequences known as the ________ principle.

Redundancy; pg. 320

Directing parents to go out together for various periods of time without telling their children where they are going and when they will return is an example of what technique?

Invariant prescription; pg. 328

Therapeutic neutrality means that the therapist does which of the following?

Encourages family members to generate solutions to their own problems; pg. pg. 327

Brief therapy has more to do with ____________ than with ________________.

Clarity about what needs to be changed, time; pg. 319

__________________ is the tendency of the family to remain in its same pattern of functioning unless challenged to do otherwise.

Family homeostasis; pg. 319

Which of the following represents the idea that one event does not "cause" another, but that events are interconnected and that, the factors behind a behavior, such as a kiss or a slap, are multiple?

Circular Causality; pg. 320

In this technique, the therapist tells the client-family that they are incapable of doing anything other than what they are doing.

Restraining; pg. 321

In this technique, a therapist accepts and exaggerates what family members are saying.

Positioning; pg. 322

Solution-focused family therapy is based on:

Social Constructionism; pg. 338

In Solution-focused therapy, ___________ factors are not important.

Causal; pg. 338

This question, used by Solution focused therapists, is intended to direct family members' attention to times in the past or present when they did not have the problem.

Exception question; pg. 340

______________ are Solution-focused family therapy procedures that have worked before and that have a universal application that can help families solve a variety of problems.

Skeleton keys; pg. 341

In Solution-focused therapy, the best approach to use with 'complainants' is to:

Assign them activities where they can focus on exceptions, respect them, and hope they will become customers eventually; pg. 342

Which philosophy states that knowledge is time and culture bound, as well as emphasizes that langauge influences the way people view the world?

Social constructionism; pg. 338

Which of the following is a basic rule of solution-focused therapy?

All of the above are basic rules of solution-focused therapy; pg. 339

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding deShazer's thoughts on resistance?

Families really want to change. Thus, when families do not follow therapists' directions, they are "cooperating" by teaching therapists the best way to help them; pg. 339

___________ is considered a qualitatively different way of doing something.

Second-order change; pg. 341

________ are not involved in the problem, are not motivated to make changes, and are not part of the solution.

Visitors; pg. 342

___________ are individuals who are not only able to describe a problem and how they are involved in it, but also are willing to work to solve it.

Customers; pg. 342

What good thing happened since our last session," is an example of what kind of question used by a solution-focused therapist?

Presuppostional question; pg. 343

A therapist who inquires, "How did you make that happen," is using what technique?

Positive blame; pg. 343

In solution-focused therapy, when is therapy considered complete?

When counselor and family acknowledge that an agreed upon outcome has been reached; pg. 345

What is the role of pathology in solution-focused family therapy?

Pathology does not play a part in the treatment process of solution-focused family therapy; pg. 344

In narrative family therapy, ____________ is a way for families to highlight different stories than those that have been dominant.

Deconstruction; pg. 354

There are no universal principles or truths" is a theoretical premise most consistent with:

...

A treatment technique in the narrative family therapy model is _____________, which is used to solve problems in that the problem becomes a separate entity that the whole family needs to solve as a team.

Externalization; pg. 348

The role of the therapist in narrative family therapy is:

Collaborator; pg. 352

Questions designed to reveal the meaning and importance of exceptions are called:

Significance questions; pg. 351

Which individuals are considered the most prominent professionals associated with narrative family therapy?

Michael White and David Epston; pg. 347

____________________ is characterized by stories, substories, meaningfulness, and liveliness.

Narrative reasoning; pg. 349

_____________ breaks the habitual reading and recalling of the complaint-saturated story as residing in the person, making the problem an external entity.

Externalization; pg. 348

According to narrative therapy, setbacks are best dealt with ________________.

When they are planned for and anticipated; pg. 350

____________________ involves the redefining of lives and reliationships in a new narrative.

Reauthorings; pg. 352

____________________ are defined as clients' storied experiences that do not fit the problem-saturated story.

Unique outcomes; pg. 354

In _________________________, individuals and families are challenged to examine exceptions to problems they bring in.

...

Regarding the importance of research in family therapy, research findings help establish both similarities and distinct differences with other mental health practitioners. This is called

Uniqueness; pg. 387

In general, most individuals and families ___________ with couple and family therapy, especially when compared with control groups.

Improve; pg. 388

___________ approaches decrease relapse and rehospitalization rates among patients whose families receive such services.

Psychoeducation; pg. 388

According to research findings, participation of _____ in family therapy is much more likely to bring positive results than family therapy without their participation.

Fathers; pg. 388

Persons receiving individual, marital, or family therapy reduce their health care use after therapy, with the largest reductions associated with conjoint therapy. This is called

The offset effect; pg. 388

Qualitative research emphasizes _____________, while quantitative research emphasizes ______________.

Open ended questions, closed ended questions; pgs. 390-391

A ______________ is used when the representiveness of a whole population is not as important as the information itself.

Nonprobability sample; pg. 394

_______________ is the extent to which a measuring instrument measures what it was intended to measure.

Validity; pg. 397

_________ is the consistency of an assessment instrument.

Reliability; pg. 397

Which statement describes exploratory research?

A qualitative approach used when issues are still being defined; pg. 393

Which statement describes correlational research?

Measures the degree of association or relatedness between two variables, usually conducted after the fact; pg. 393

Which statement describes experimental research?

Classic research methodologies with hypotheses, dependent/independent variables with at least one variable manipulated; pg. 393

Which statement describes developmental research?

Focuses on studying changes over time; pg. 393

Which statement describes descriptive research?

Designed to describe specific variables; pg. 393

_____________ reseearch grew out of the scientific traditions of physics, chemistry, and biology and is characterized by an emphasis on data and closed questions.

Quantitative research; pg. 391

A reseearcher is selecting a sample drawn from a different strata or groups of a population. This type of sampling is called ___________________.

Stratified sampling; pg. 394

John, a researcher, is asking families who have already participated in his study if they would refer other families to participate in the study. This type of sampling is called

Snowball sampling; pg. 394

What is external validity?

The generalizability of an instrument; pg. 395

What is construct validity?

The degree to which an instrument measures what it purports to measure; pg. 395

The means by which a group of people determine and gather knowledge is called ____________.

Epistemology; pg. 395

When families protect the abuser from the consequences of his or her actions and minimize the seriousness of the substance abuser's actions, this is called _____________.

Enabling; pg. 366

A spouse or other family member on whom the abuser is most dependent and who allows the problem to continue and become worse is called a(n):

Enabler; pg. 366

The modern method of using concerned significant others in substance abuse treatment is to:

Teach them behavioral skills designed to influence the substance abuser; pg. 368

While many systemic therapy approaches work well in substance abuse situations, one approach is very cost-effective and has a high success rate. This approach is:

Multisystemic (multifamily in the book); pg. 372

The worst form of domestic violence is

Battering; pg. 374

There is a well-documented association between _____ and battering.

alcohol intoxication; pg. 375

One of the conditions necessary before selecting conjoint couples therapy is

An assessment of safety issues; pg. 379

An approach to treating domestic violence that is based on the ethical context of domestic violence in intimate relationships is called

Intimate justice; pg. 379

Treatment of child abuse and neglect is complex and involves _____ issues.

Legal, developmental, and psychological; pg. 381

In child abuse cases, motivation for change is highest _____ an abusive act.

right after; pg. 382

______________ is a condition in which a person is unable to control his or her drinking behavior even after trying.

Alcohol dependency; pg. 364

The _________________ is often the youngest member of a family, whose function is to provide the family with humor and thus reduce tension.

Family clown; pg. 366

With ______________________ there is a dynamic at play in the famly of overresponsibility and underresponsibility.

Codependency; pg. 371

Mark's heart rate decreases as he becomes more verbally aggressive, and he tends to get into verbal and physical altercations with most people in his life. Mark would be considered what type of batterer?

Cobra; pg. 374

Which type of violence is considered low-level violence that is infrequent and noninjurious?

Common couple violence; pg. 376

Which of the following is a cognitive-behavioral treatment for domestic violence, based on the premise that people learn violent behavior because they are reinforced for them in cultural and social circles?

Duluth model; pg. 380

Child abuse is to ______________, as child neglect is to _________________.

commission, omission; pg. 380

Which of the following is the most common form of family violence?

Parent-child abuse

Which of the following is considered the least reported form of child sexual abuse?

Sexual abuse of boys; pg. 381

Which of the following is accurate regarding child abuse reporting?

All 50 states require mental health workers and other professional helpers to report child abuse and neglect; pg. 381