Psychology Test (4) Chapter 15

-Is the information, skills, and strategies that people have learned and accumulated through experience and that they can apply in problem solving situations.-Holds steady or increases with age.Ex: Someone who is solving a crossword puzzle or attempting to identify the murderer in a mystery story is using _______, relying on his or her past experience as a resource.

Crystallized Intelligence

-Starting about age 45, women begin the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so.

Female Climacteric

-Reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning and memory.-Declines with age.Ex: For instance, a person who is asked to arrange a series of letters according to some rule or to memorize a set of numbers uses _______.

Fluid Intelligence

-A condition where pressure in the fluid of the eye increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is produced.-Around 1 to 2% of people over the age of 40 are afflicted by the disorder, and African Americans are particularly susceptible.

Glaucoma

-The cessation of menstruation.-For most women, menstrual periods begin to occur irregularly and less frequently during 2-year period starting at around 47 or 48, although this process may begin as early as age 40 or as late as age 60.-After a year goes by without a menstrual period, __________ is said to have occurred.-Marks the point at which a traditional pregnancy is no longer possible.

Menopause

-Are formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered.1. Get organized2. Pay attention3. Visualize: the keyword technique is when the learner forms a mental picture of something and connects it to something to be remembered.4. Rehearsal is the idea that practice makes perfect.

Mnemonics

-A condition in which the bones become brittle, fragile, and thin.-A diet high in calcium can reduce the risk of this.

Osteoporosis

-A nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood is the loss of near vision.

Presbyopia

-The primary sort of loss is for sounds of high frequency.-About 12% of people from ages 45 and 65 suffer from this.-Men are more prone to hearing loss than women.-Some hearing loss results from environmental factors, such as chronic loud noise.-The rest are caused by aging, which brings a loss of hair cells in the inner ear.

Presbycusis

-Is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency toward frustration and hostility; are more susceptible to heart disease.-They engage in multiple activities carried out simultaneously.-They are easily angered and become verbally and nonverbally hostile if prevented from reaching their goals.

Type A Behavior Pattern

-Is characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggression, have less than half the risk of coronary disease that Type A people have.-Experience little sense of time urgency, and they are rarely hostile.

Type B Behavior Pattern

-D for "distressed," is linked to coronary heart disease.-Factors such as insecurity, anxiety, and having a negative outlook put people at risk.

Type D Behavior Pattern