1)
molecules
2)
organelles
3)
cells
4)
tissue
5)
organs
6)
organ system
7)
organisim
8)
population
9)
community
10)
ecosystem
11)
biosphere
properties of life
1) order
2) reproduction
3) growth and development
4) energy processing
5) response to the environment
6) regulation
7) evolutionary adaptation
induction
specific to general observations
deduction
general to specific observation
scientific process
1.Observation
.2.Hypothesis/3. Predictions 4.Method 5. Results/Data Analysis 6. Conclusions
atom
smallest unit of matter
element
substance that can not be broken down further
cation
positive charged particles made from giving away electrons
anion
negative charge
most abundant elements
chon -carbon dioxide,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
how are elements arranged on the periodic table
Arranged on periodic table by their # of protons called theatomic number
Hydrogen: listed #1 and has 1 proton
When neutral (uncharged), the atomic number indicates number of electrons, too.
The other number listed is the atomic mass
Protons + Neutrons
atomic mass is made of
Protons + Neutrons
whats makes an element reactive?
electrons
what is an ionic bond?
one gives up and electron and one receives an electron.
what is a covalent bond
2 atoms share a pair of electrons strong bond
what makes a polar molecule polar
an unequal amount of charges
identify the unique properties in water and be able to define them
Solid (ice): molecules far apart (not dense), so floats
Liquid (water): molecules closer together, so sinks
Gas (vapor): require high heat to break liquid H bonds (heat of vaporization)
Heat storage: Requires quite a lot of heat to break H bonds between w
why does ice float?
hydrogen bonds keeps the molecules farther apart. less dense than water
recognizing an acid or base from ph number
...
definition of organic
Carbon based molecules, carbon and hydrogen
monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
monomers of porteins
amino acids
monomers of nucleic acid
nucleiotides
what is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
remove water making bonds for dehydration and add water removing bonds for hydrolysis
what is the chemical formula for glucose
c6h12o6
the different polysaccharides from description
Starch: stored plant sugar
Glycogen: stored animal sugar
Liver & muscles
Cellulose: indigestible, plant cell wall
Source of fiber & roughage
properties of lipids
Nonpolar, hydrocarbons
Hydrophobic: do not mix with water
1.Triglycerides
Oil: liquid at room temp
Fat: solid at room temp
the difference between fat and oil
oil is liquid in room temp and fat is solid in room temp.
difference between saturated and nsaturated fat.
Saturated fat: fully loaded with hydrogens
Has no double bonds
Unsaturated fat
Has at least one double bond (replacing two hydrogens)
Saturated fats more easily form blockages than unsaturated fats
Saturated fats negatively affect cholesterol levels.
what are lipoproteins? what are the two types ? why are they important
Lipoproteins: fat carriers
HDLs: healthy- take fats to liver for disposal
LDLs: lousy- take fats to cells for storage
<200 = good number
carry's fat to the blood
what does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what is the difference between dna and rna
DNA
- double stranded
- the sugar is deoxyribose, less reactive
- nucleotides are guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine
RNA
- single-stranded
- the sugar is ribose, more reactive
- nucleotides are guanine and cytosine, adenine and urasil
vwho made the first microscope
1590: Janssens 1st microscope
what did leeuwenhoek do
1650s: Leeuwenhoek improved lenses Saw 1st
micro-organism "beasties"
Discovered bacterial shapes, human sperm, RBC circulation, plant structures, mouthparts of insects
what did hooke do
Robert Hooke 1st to use artificial light sources
define cell
the building blocks of all living things
three statements of cell theory
1.All organisms are made of at least one cell.
2.Cells are the smallest living things.
3.Cells come from pre-existing cells.
why the cells need to be so small
Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
Center to outside = shorter distance
four general structure of a cell
1.Plasma membrane
2.Cytoplasm
3.Ribosomes (protein factories)
4.Genetic material
what does the fluid mosaic membrane mean?
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