Which form of hydro power accesses previously used energy?
A) run of river
B) impoundment
C) diversion
D) pumped storage
D) pumped storage
Where is Three Gorges dam located?
A) France
B) China
C) Brazil
D) USA
B) China
Which of the following is a disadvantage of hydropower?
A) catastrophic failure
B) disruption of natural flow
C) alter habitat
D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Tides are caused by gravitational force between Sun and Earth
A) True
B) False
B) False
Recreation is the main purpose of US dams
A) True
B) False
A) True
What is the hydrologic cycle driven by?
A) Geothermal energy
B) Solar energy
C) mechanical energy
D) hydro energy
B) Solar energy
What type of energy does water stored behind a dam have?
A) chemical energy
B) potential energy
C) kinetic energy
D) nuclear energy
B) potential energy
A penstock carries water to a turbine.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which is not an advantage of hydropower?
A) clean
B) cheap
C) renewable
D) nonaltering to habitat
D) nonaltering to habitat
Hydroelectric schemes are an obstacle to fish migration
A) True
B) False
A) True
Pumped Storage is non-renewable.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Hydroelectic energy pollutes the atmosphere.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Tidal power can be easily harnessed anywhere there is a tide.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Approximately what percentage of US energy is hydroelectric?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 48%
D) 70%
B) 10%
Which type of hydroelectric facility is a conventional dam?
A) Pumped Storage
B) Impoundment
C) Run of River
D) Microhydropower
B) Impoundment
The US is the largest producer of hydroelectric energy
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which country produces most of its electricity from nuclear energy?
A) Lithuania
B) United States
C) United Kingdom
D) China
A) Lithuania
Most of the nuclear power reactors are in the eastern United States
A) True
B) False
A) True
The nucleus is made up of protons and electrons.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Mass number is the number of protons and electrons in an atom.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Radioactivity is the process of emission of radiation from unstable nuclei to gain stability
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which of the following is not radioactive?
A) U-238
B) U-235
C) Pu-239
D) U-232
A) U-238
Radioactive decay due to alpha particle emission results in
A) loss of two protons and two neutrons
B) loss of one proton and three neutrons
C) loss of three proton and one neutron
D) None of the above
A) loss of two protons and two neutrons
Radioactive decay due to alpha particle emission reduces
A) mass number by 2 and atomic number by 1
B) mass number by 4 and atomic number by 2
C) mass number by 2 and atomic number by 2
D) none of the above
B) mass number by 4 and atomic number by 2
Beta decay results in increase of the atomic number by 1.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Beta decay increases the mass number by 1.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Gamma rays can be emitted during radioactive decay.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Thorium has a mass number of 232 and atomic number of 90. If it undergoes alpha particle emission, the resulting nuclei will be
A) Radium with mass number-229 and atomic number-91
B) Radium with mass number-228 and atomic number-88
C) Radium with mass num
B) Radium with mass number-228 and atomic number-88
Beta decay results in the conversion of a neutron to proton in the nucleus.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Gamma ray emissions results in no change in mass number and atomic number.
A) True
B) False
A) True
In all nuclear reactions, the sum of the mass numbers on the left hand side of the equation equals the sum of the atomic numbers on the right hand side of the equation.
A) True
B) False
B) False
The binding energy of an atom is the amount of energy required to break up its nucleus into individual components.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Most of the energy released due to nuclear fission reaction is in the form of potential energy.
A) True
B) False
B) False
A nuclear chain reaction occurs due to faster rate of production of neutrons as compared to their consumption.
A) True
B) False
A) True
The concentration of nuclear fuel in a nuclear power plant is
A) 8-10%
B) 3-4%
C) 15-20%
D) 40-60%
B) 3-4%
Which of the following are components of a nuclear reactor?
A) Fuel Rods
B) Control Rods
C) Moderator
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Control rods control the nuclear reaction in a reactor by absorbing protons.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which of the following slows down the motion of neutrons in a nuclear reactor?
A) Fuel Rod
B) Control Rod
C) Moderator
D) Radiation Shield
C) Moderator
A nuclear reactor is said to be operating in "critical" condition, if
A) fission occurs at a constant rate
B) fission occurs at a decreasing rate
C) fission occurs at increasing rate
D) it is ready to explode
A) fission occurs at a constant rate
A Nuclear reactor is said to be operating in "subcritical" condition, if
A) fission occurs at a constant rate
B) fission occurs at a decreasing rate
C) fission occurs at increasing rate
D) none of the above
B) fission occurs at a decreasing rate
A Nuclear reactor is said to be operating in "supercritical" condition, if
A) fission occurs at a constant rate
B) fission occurs at a decreasing rate
C) fission occurs at increasing rate
D) all of the above
C) fission occurs at increasing rate
Which of the following is used as moderator in a nuclear power plant?
A) Water
B) Deuterated water
C) Graphite
D) All of the above
B) Deuterated water
The function of a moderator in a nuclear reactor is to
A) absorb the neutrons
B) slow down the neutrons
C) dissipate heat
D) all of the above
B) slow down the neutrons
Steam is a good moderator.
A) True
B) False
B) False
What is used as a moderator in US Nuclear reactors?
A) Water
B) Deuterated water
C) Steam
D) Graphite
A) Water
A pressurized water reactor (PWR) uses water under high pressure as the coolant to remove heat generated by a nuclear chain reaction.
A) True
B) False
A) True
In a pressurized water reactor, the water used in the steam generator never comes in contact with the nuclear reactor.
A) True
B) False
A) True
The Three Mile Island reactor was a pressurized water reactor.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Elements with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons are called isotopes.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which of the following is a fissionable isotope made in a breeder reactor?
A) U-238
B) Th-232
C) Pu-239
D) none of the above
C) Pu-239
A breeder reactor produces new fissionable material at a faster rate than it consumes such material.
A) True
B) False
A) True
U-238 and Th-232 are fissionable material.
A) True
B) False
B) False
U-238 and Th-232 are considered "fertile" because they can be used to produce fissionable isotopes.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which is a major problem with nuclear power plants?
A) causes lot of pollution
B) disposal of radioactive waste
C) It gets very hot.
D) can lead to a uncontrolled nuclear reaction and cause explosion
B) disposal of radioactive waste
How often does a fuel rod need to be replaced in the nuclear power plant?
A) 1 - 3 years
B) 10 - 15 years
C) 20 - 40 years
D) 100 years
A) 1 - 3 years
Which of the following industries has contributed the least amount of human fatalities in United States?
A) Oil/Gas Industry
B) Nuclear power plants
C) Automobile industry
D) Civil aviation
B) Nuclear power plants
What happened in the Three Mile Island incident?
A) A valve was closed preventing water from reaching the steam generator
B) Partial meltdown occurred
C) Low pressure and high temperature in the reactor boiled the water
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is true about the Chernobyl incident?
A) A complete meltdown occurred
B) Graphite rods caught fire
C) 31 people were killed
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which among the following is a major disadvantage of nuclear power?
A) High carbon dioxide emissions
B) SOx and NOx emissions
C) Lack of permanent solution to nuclear waste disposal
D) None of the above
C) Lack of permanent solution to nuclear waste disposal
Natural background radiation contributes nearly 85% of our total annual exposure.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which contributes the most towards human radiation exposure?
A) Radon
B) Cosmic radiation
C) Nuclear medicine
D) Rocks and soils
A) Radon
Half-life is the time required for a radioactive material to decay to half its original quantity.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Elements with shorter half-live times are more dangerous because they emit a lot of radiation in a very short period of time.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Nuclear fusion requires an enormous amount of energy input to bring two positively charged nuclei together.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which is/are major challenges that needs to be overcome to start a nuclear fusion reaction?
A) Heating the mixture to a very high temperature
B) Compressing the mixture to a very high density
C) Keeping the reaction mixtures together for a considerable am
D) All of the above
Which among the following is not a primary pollutant?
A) CO
B) CO2
C) SO2
D) Particulate matter
B) CO2
Which among the following is a secondary pollutant?
A) CO
B) Acid rain
C) SO2
D) CO2
B) Acid rain
Which fossil fuel contributes primarily to CO emission?
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
B) Petroleum
Which of the following act as source for CO emissions?
A) Cold start in automobile engines
B) Household heating
C) Cigarette smoking
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
CO emissions are due to complete combustion of carbon in fossil fuels.
A) True
B) False
B) False
CO emission from automobiles is a function of speed.
A) True
B) False
A) True
The transportation sector is the main source for CO emission.
A) True
B) False
A) True
How does CO affect human health?
A) By impairing visibility
B) Affecting Central Nervous system
C) Heart attack
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
CO emissions from automobiles are reduced with the help of catalytic converters.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Sources for particulate matter are
A) Construction sites
B) Smoke stacks
C) Reaction of SO2 and NOx emitted from power plants and automobiles in atmosphere
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Inhalation of particulate matter pollutants results in respiratory diseases.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers are more dangerous for human health as they penetrate deeper into the lungs.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Scattering of light by particles leads to decrease in visibility.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Particles about the size of wavelength of visible light (0.1 - 1 micron) are responsible for reduced visibility due to significant scattering of light.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which fossil fuel contributes the most to particulate matter emission?
A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Natural gas
A) Coal
Particulate emission can be reduced by using electrostatic precipitators.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Particulates in an electrostatic precipitator get an electric charge and move towards the discharging electrode.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Which of the following are examples of baghouse filters?
A) Reverse-gas
B) Pulse-jet
C) Shake-deflate
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Particulate emissions from power plants can be controlled by using
A) Electrostatic precipitator
B) Catalytic converter
C) Burners
D) None of the above
A) Electrostatic precipitator
Which fossil fuel contributes the most to SO2 emissions?
A) Coal
B) Diesel
C) Gasoline
D) Natural gas
A) Coal
SO2 contributes significantly to the formation of acid rain.
A) True
B) False
A) True
SO2 emissions are primarily due to
A) Transportation sector
B) Fuel combustion
C) Chemical Industries
D) None of the above
B) Fuel combustion
Northwestern US is the region most affected region by acid rain.
A) True
B) False
B) False
SO2 contributes significantly to particulate emissions.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Sulfur emissions can be controlled by
A) Washing the coal thoroughly before it is burned
B) Remove during combustion using fluidized bed combustion process
C) remove after combustion using scrubbers
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
NOx emission is the most difficult primary pollutant to control.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Atmospheric air at high temperatures can be a source for NOx emissions.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Which pollutant is responsible for the formation of Photochemical smog?
A) CO
B) SO2
C) NOx
D) All of the above
C) NOx
Thermal NOx is mainly formed due to the combustion of atmospheric nitrogen at temperatures greater than 1000 C.
A) True
B) False
A) True
NOx emission from combustion of natural gas is primarily due to
A) Thermal NOx
B) Fuel NOx
C) Prompt NOx
D) does not contribute to emission
A) Thermal NOx
NOx emission is responsible for acid rain.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Ground level ozone is formed because of the reaction of hydrocarbon in the presence of sunlight with
A) NOx
B) CO
C) CO2
D) SO2
A) NOx
Volatile organic compounds contribute to
A) Formation of photochemical smog
B) Formation of greenhouse gases
C) It is carcinogenic
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A) CO
B) SO2
C) NO2
D) CO2
D) CO2
Greenhouse gases absorb the infrared radiation from earth and re-emits in all direction to cause warming of the lower atmosphere.
A) True
B) False
A) True