Nephr/o, ren/o

Kidney (nephritis, renal artery)

Hydro/o

water - hydronephrosis (abnormal condition involving backup of urine into the kidney)

Cyst/o

bladder (urinary only) - cystitis, cystectomy (inflamation of removal of bladder)

Pyel/o

renal collecting ducts [of the kidney]- pyelogram (X-ray of the collecting ducts)

Ur/o, -uria

Polyuria, anuria (frequent urination, no urine formation)

Olig/o

scanty, less than normal - oliguria (reduced urine formation)

-pexy

to surgically reattach, fix in normal position - nephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)

Nephrosis

a non-inflammatory disease of kidneys.

Nephrolith

a kidney stone

Urethritis

inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urine, the final pathway for urine in both sexes, and the common pathway for urine and semen in the male.

Nocturia

frequently getting up and urinating during the night

enuresis

involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to "bedwetting

polyuria

frequent urination

nephrologist

a physician specializing in diseases of the kidneys

urologist

a physician specializing in diseases of the lower urinary tract, that is , the bladder and urethra. Also, urology is the profession that takes care of problems of the male reproductive system, sort of the equivalent of a gynecologist.

cystoscopy

looking into the urinary bladder with a fiberoptic instrument

intravenous pyelogram

special X-rays showing the drainage pattern of the kidneys. A dye opaque to X-rays is injected into a vein. After a waiting period for the blood and dye to pass through the kidneys, X-rays can be taken of the collecting system of the kidney, ureter and bl

Retrograde pyelogram

in this procedure a dye opaque to X-rays is flushed backwards up the urethra and bladder and up the ureters to the kidneys through the renal collecting ducts

voiding cystourethrogram

an imaging technique (X-ray) displaying the urethra and bladder while urinating

Dialysis

a procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in individuals with complete kidney failure or who have had kidneys removed by surgery. With the in hospital procedure, the patient's blood is circulated through a machine that removes waste products.

Lithotripsy

crushing kidney stones with sound waves. Unlike cholelithotripsy (crushing of gallstones), which is no longer done, the sludge from crushing kidney stones has an easy direct pathway out of the body (down the ureter to the bladder and out the urethra). Nep

anuria

frequently after surgery involving general anesthetic, a patient may not void urine for a period of time because the kidneys have stopped producing urine. This temporary condition.

nephrolithiasis

presence of a kidney stone

urologist

a specialist in disease of the lower urinary tract, bladder and urethra

nephrolithotomy

removing a kidney stone

oliguria

scanty or less than normal urine formation

cystoscopy

a procedure that allows a physician to look into the bladder and examine its interior

nephropexy

surgical fixation or return and attachment of a kidney dislodged during an auto accident would be termed

hematuria

a lab report comes back to a physician documenting numerous erythrocytes in the urine specimen