adventitious breath sounds

Added breath sound that is superimposed on normal breath sounds.

agonal respirations

Irregularly irregular respirations that signal impending death.

Apnea

Lack of spontaneous respirations for 10 or more seconds.

barrel chest

Abnormal thorax configuration where the ratio of the anteroposterior diameter to the transverse diameter of the chest is approximately 1:1.

Bradypnea

Respiratory rate under 12 breaths per minute in a resting adult

Bronchophony

Use of a voice sound, where the patient says the words "ninety-nine" or "one, two, three," to determine if the lung is filled with air, fluid, or a solid.

cheyne-Stokes respirations

Crescendo or decrescendo respiratory pattern interspersed between periods of apnea.

Crepitus

Subcutaneous emphysema; beads of air escape from the lungs and create a crackling sound when palpated. A grating or crackling sound that can be felt/heard with joint movement.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing. Subjective feeling of shortness of breath.

Egophony

Use of a voice sound, where the patient says the sound "ee," to determine if the lungs are filled with air, fluid, or a solid.

Eupnea

Normal breathing; respirations are 12 to 20 per minute for the resting adult

Hyperpnea

Breath that is greater in volume than the resting tidal volume

Kussmaul's respirations

Respirations characterized by extreme increased rate and depth, as in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Manubrium

Upper bone of the sternum; articulates with the clavicles and the first pair of ribs

midclavicular line

Vertical line drawn from the midpoint of the clavicle

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing except in an upright position

rhonchal fremitus

Coarse, palpable vibration produced by the passage of air through thick exudate in the large bronchi or the trachea

Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the thoracic or lumbar vertebrae

Sputum

Substance that is produced by the respiratory tract and can be expectorated or swallowed; composed of mucus, blood, purulent material, microorganisms, cellular debris, and, occasionally, foreign objects

thoracic expansion

The extent and symmetry of chest wall expansion

voice sounds

Used in an examination skill to assess whether the lungs are filled with air, fluid, or a solid.

whispered pectoriloquy

Use of a voice sound, where the patient whispers the words "ninety-nine" or "one, two, three," to determine if the lungs are filled with air, fluid, or a solid

Diaphragm

Innervated by the phrenic nerve. Is a dome shaped muscle that forms the inferior border of the thorax.
Anteriorly, the right edge lacked at 5th rib.