What is the name of one of the prominent thinker during the Italian Renaissance who believed that the ends justify the means?

Niccolo Machiavelli

What is the name of the focus of the Italian Renaissance which focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor?

Humanism

What affect does the book argue the Italian Renaissance had the political leaders?

Rule is based how well they could rule, not by birth

What was the difference between the Northern Renaissance and the Italian one?

Northern more religious

What was the name of the king who allied with the Ottoman sultan which showed how ruling was abandoning religious justification?

Francis I

What was the name of the German who introduced the movable type printer?

Johannes Gutenberg

What was the name of the German monk who protested against the Catholic church and argued against the power of the pope and that the Bible should be translated from latin so ordinary people could understand it?

Martin Luther

What is the general term for the general religious dissent of the Catholic church called?

Protestantism

What was the name of the church that King Henry VIII of England set up in order to challenge the papal attempts to enforce his first marriage?

Anglican Church

What is predestination?

Prior determination of who will be saved

What was the name of the French theologian who insisted on predestination?

Jean Calvin

What was the name of the revival of Catholic doctrine which went against Protestant teachings?

Catholic Reformation

What is the name of the new religious order that was formed to help further spread Catholic Reformation and do missionary work in Asia and the Americas?

Jesuits

What was the name of the granting of toleration of Protestants in France called?

edict of Nantes

What was the name of the war between German Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor?

30 years war

What was the name of the treaty that ended the 30 years war and declared that states and cities could choose their own religion?

Treaty of Westphalia

What was the name of the war between Calvinists, Anglicans, and Catholics in England?

English Civil War

What is the name of the idea of toleration for different varieties of the same religion?

Religious pluralism

What was a result of the massive import of New World gold and silver?

Inflation

What is the name for people without access to to wealth-producing land?

proletariat

What was the name of the revolution that affected formal intellectual life?

Scientific revolution

What was the name of the monk who "discovered" that the planets revolve around the sun?

Copernicus

What was the name of the researcher who studied planatery motion and optics?

Johannes Kepler

What was the name of the famous scientists who studied gravity and planatery motion?

Galileo

Who demonstrated the circular movement of blood in animals?

William Harvey

Who urged the value of careful empirical research and that scientific knowledge could improve technology?

Francis Bacon

Who argued that human reason could develop laws that would explain how nature worked?

René Descartes

Who came up with the laws of gravity and that force equals mass times acceleration?

Isaac Newton

What is the name of the belief that there is a supreme being whose only job was to set the world in motion?

Deism

Who argued that faith was irrelevant and that reason was the way to go, also he believed that people are good and can be made better?

John Locke

What is the name of the government where the king is the state?

absolute monarchy

Who said "I am the state"?

King Louis XIV

What was the name of the revolution that helped parliament win sovereignity over the king?

The Glorious Revolution

Who set forth basic principles of economic behavior in his book Wealth of Nations?

Adam Smith

Who wrote the Encyclopedia?

Denis Diderot

What enlightement thinker argued that enlightenment ideals should spread to women?

Mary Wollstonecraft

Did the lower classes benefit during the late 18 and early 19 centuries?

Yes

What was the name for the period of political upheavals that started with the American revolution in 1775 and lasted to 1848?

age of revolution

What was the name for the dependancy on urban merchants which allowed production to expand because of importance on new market relationships and manufacturing volume?

Proto-industrialization

What was the name of the enlightenment device for murder?

guillotine

What is the name for loyalty for the state that spread during revolution?

nationalism

What was the name of the French general who managed to set up a authoritarian empire?

Napoleon Bonaparte

What was the name of the diplomats who met in order to reach a peace settlement to make further revolution of France impossible?

Congress of Vienna

What was the name for those who opposed revolutionary goals?

conservatives

Who were focused on issues of political structure and the middle class mostly?

liberals

Who wanted to help the lower classes more and focused on gaining wider voting rights?

radicals

What bill gave the parliamentary vote to middle class men?

Reform Bill of 1832

What was the name of the movement that hoped that a democratic government would regulate new technologies and promote education?

Chartist Movement

Who discovered germs?

Louis Pasteur

What is the name of the transformation to Rome to a single minded pursuit of political office and support of the status quo?

transformismo

Who was the father of socialism?

Karl Marx

What is the name of the movement that argued against Marx's ideas of revolution and that things could be changed through democratic means?

revisionism