mass communication
devices send a message to large number of people
direct exposure
directly getting info from the message
indirect exposure
getting exposure through some intermediary (friend/family)
EPS Cycle
model of media development (elite, popular, specialized)
media literacy approach
healthy way to consume media
partisan Press
elite
business/political news
content reflects values of publishers
penny press
mass audience
inverted pyramid
cheap
yellow journalism
increased competition b/w papers
sensationalism
watchdog
objective journalism
aimed at serious readers
collection of facts
new york times "newspaper of record
interpretive journalism
add explanation, content,background
seen in analysis/opinion pages
literary journalism
reaction to dominant news style
storytelling
multimedia journalism
tv in newspaper format
blur lines b/w entertainment/news
where the news comes from
original reporting
other media
wire services
feature syndications
press releases
magazine: initial forays
magazine:
elite audience
content: essay
philosophy, science, religion, politics
magazine: general interest
magazine:
mass audience
women's magazines
broad, general interest content
muckracking
magazine: reinvention period
magazine:
threat from tv
specialization saves industry
general vs. special interest
types of specialization
unit
internal
distribution
film: open competition
film:
changes in technology/content
competitive marketplace
elite stage
film: transition to oligopoly
film:
MPPC tries to create monopoly
production, distribution, exhibition
identification with starts
film: studio oligopoly
film:
major studios become oligarchy
vertical integration of industry
film content: family oriented
popular stage
five major studios
paramount
mgm
warner brothers
twentieth century fox
rko
little three studios
columbia
universal
united artists
film: oligopoly redefined
film:
reduction in demands for film
major studios adapts
reasons for reduced demands for film
red scare
baby boom
tv
growth of suburbs
radio: early days
radio:
limited content/audience
birth of commercial broadcast
radio: golden age
radio:
mass audience
music/popular entertainment
networks dominate
sponsorship
govt. regulation increase
radio redefined
radio:
television threatens radio
advertisers, content and audience moves to tv
how radio survives
specialization
stations distance from networks
become more local
tv: early development
tv:
limited/elite audience and content
experimental broadcasts
tv: network era
tv:
content is entertainment
mass audience
networks dominate
funding/control shift from sponsorship to advertising
theater-style to film-style
tv: transition period
tv:
network audience erosion
reduction in network dominance
tv adapts
new revenue sources
factors reducing network dominance
cable
vcr/dvd/dvr
new technologies
how tv adapts
specialization
decrease in scripted programs
new revenue sources
-product placement
-dvd packages
-video downloads
-mobile devices
internet: defining new media
internet:
-combine attributes of traditional media
-provide interactivity/selectivity
internet: research phase
internet:
-system designed to share data b/w research computers
-audience is research/technologically elite
-public funding
internet: public phase
internet:
-merging old and new media
-unrealistic expectations
-selectivity/interactivity drive web
-web 2.0/user generated content
current internet use
internet use is increasing broadband, mobile and interactivity
ways to categorize advertising
advertising focus
intended audience
level of specificity
advertising focus
product
image
public service
intended audience
consumer
organization/govt./business
level of specificity
selective
primary
mythic story structure
narrative
binary opposition
mediation/resolution
slogan
easy to remember
name calling
way of saying other products dont have it
glittering generalities
sounds like a good thing but really has little meaning
card stacking
one-sided
transfer
feeling
testimonial
using a famous person
plain folks
people that make the product are just like us
bandwagon
everyone else is doing it, so should i
public relations
process of creating, projecting, and protecting the image/interests of an organization
pr in practice
issues vs. crisis management
public attitude research
getting message to public
pr: how to get message to public
product placement
pseudo-events
press releases
elements protecting media
first amendment
specific laws
general prohibition of prior restraint
traditions in america
ways govt. can regulate speech
law
agency regulation
court decision
pressure/threats
general principles of regulation
sedition
libel
invasion of privacy
obscenity
sedition
threat to public welfare or govt.
libel
dispute between two people/groups
defamation
identification
publication
negligence
damages
special controls on electronic media
-use of limited public space
-protecting/benefitting children
-special regulatory body
-controls
ownership of media: newspapers
fewer paper per market, concentration in newspaper chains
ownership of media: magazines
growth in number of Magazines, concentration in magazine chains
ownership of media: film
ownership very concentrated, studios combined with other media
ownership of media: radio/tv
concentration in TV ownership, concentration in radio station ownership
ownership of media: cable
concentration in cable system ownership, concentration in channel ownership
ownership of media: internet
continuing diversity of owners, developing concentration of site use
criticisms of ownership patterns
-weakening watchdog role of press
-weakening the marketplace of ideas
trends across america
adaptation
media evolution and the EPS cycle
ad supported media
regulation
concentration of ownership
film regulation
history and current status of film regulation; MPAA film rating system (PG, PG-13, R, NC-17)
nielsen tv rating methods
started before television, Rated radio previously
public broadcasting
-helped independent producers
-3 hours of educational/instruction programming
-PBS was founded for instructional, educational, and cultural purposes
types of product placement
joint marketing
product benefits
monetary product
joint marketing
show markets a product, product markets the show... x factor and pepsi
product benefits
needs product so they gets brand to supply product then... They have to feature product and talk about product.
monetary product
pays to get their product in show, movie, etc
privacy protections
-intrusion
-embarrassment
-false light
-misappropriation
intrusion
the invasion of privacy happens directly on trespassing on their property
embarrassment
publishes something about someone that's true. But could be damaging to their credibility reputation etc
false light
something untrue gets published about someone
misappropriation
takes something about someone and tries to make profit