what two chemicals are released when we die
putrescine and cadaverine
what are the 5 profiles for arsonists
1. young boys playing with fire2. offenders hiding evidence of another crime (e.g., murder)3. those trying to get insurance pay-offs by burning their places down (often failing restaurants)4. current or ex-fire fighters (some are bored, some have a "superhero" mentality, and some get paid extra for actual fighting of fires)5. pyromaniacs - who basically "get off" on watching things burn (they have a clinical disorder)
who was the suspect in the local Esperanza Fire
oyler
was the suspect of the local Esperanza Fire ever caught? if so what was he sentenced to
oyler was later convicted and sentenced to death
how many firefighters died in the local Esperanza Fire
5
what is the motive that was failed to be said in the news article about arsonists motives that a presented said at csula?
revenge/anger
according to FBI data, ______???______ is, by far, the "hot spot" for bank robbery in the nation
southern California
the most common type of bank robberies
done via note or threats to the teller, usually with the suspect saying they have a bomb or weapon (often untrue)
take-over" bank robberies are...
- typically involve more than one offender- they typically have firearms, frequently assault weapons- rare
most common time for bank robbery in the nation is between
10:00 am and 11:00 am
leading theory for the common time for a bank to be robbed at those times is because
-robbers want to wait until some money has been transacted after they open (usually 9:00 am)-they want to beat the high occurrence of customers (both personal and business) that bank during lunch and in afternoon hours.
what was the headline of the article talking about the Geezer Bandit?
Geezer Bandit may not be a geezer
what was the MO of the Geezer Bandit
he dressed as a old man and often waved a gun threatening the bank teller
how many bank robberies is the Geezer Bandit believed to have been in?
16
what was the region of the country the Geezer Bandit has been active in?
1. San Diego2. San Luis Obispo 3. Temecula 4. Bakersfield5. Goleta6. Morro Bay
what region was he most active in?
San Diego with 11 heist
what weapon did the Geezer Bandit use?
a gun
what are some extraneous conditions that can highly influence decomposition of a human body after death ?
1. weight --> small=speed up/ obese= slow down 2. temperature --> cold=slow down/ hot = speed up3. dehydration --> mummification
what are the three primary diagnostics to look for in determining the PMI
1. Algor Mortis 2. Livor Mortis3. Rigor Mortis ** only true if the conditions are normal
Algor Mortis
- "cooling body" - The cooling of the body after death- drops to degrees every 2 hours
Livor Mortis
- "bruising body"- blood tend to gather @ the lowest regions of the body as It lays on the floor and it will leave a red bruise - see a few hours after death - heart is not working to circulate blood - if moved after a couple of hours most likely have red bruising on both sides of the body
Rigor Mortis
stiffening body" - a number of hours or days before the body stiffens- last for 24 hours then releases- stiffness starts from head to legs (+ loosens in the same order)
Why does a dead body stiffen?
- calcium is the primary chemical reason for the muscles constricting - oxygen tells the body to relax but when you dead that signal isn't being sent- only through the complete decomposition of the body and calcium, the body will relax **legs and butt has the most muscles and is the last thing to be affected
what is the process of decomposition
1. fresh2. bloat3. advanced decay/exodus4. skeletal/dry
Fresh stage of decomposition
- virtually no flesh removed from the body- likely to have a change in color - splotches appearing on the body --> usually spot is on the lower right abdomen
bloat stage of decomposition
- literally everything bloats - due to all the insect/bacteria activity going on in a person's stomach- heat up the inside of the body to about 140-degrees F- hear the torso actually tear open due to the pressure
- advanced decay/exodus stage of decomposition
- maggots leaving the body so that they won't be eaten by other roaming animals- virtually no flesh left
skeletal/dry stage of decomposition
- The only thing basically left is the skeleton, and maybe some trace amounts of flesh that the maggots didn't get
bodies that are placed in water tends to delay the decomposition process by a ratio of about ___??___, meaning that the bodies in water tend to take ____??____ as long to go through these various stages, as compared to bodies on land that are unburied.
2:1 , twice
what are the two types of serial killers
- act focused - processed focused
What is act focused
- primary goal is to kill victims, and they don't necessarily get much out of the process of killing the victims- typically kill their victims with firearms, often from a distance, or very quickly in a "blitz attack" and then they quickly flee
what is process focused
- actually get pleasure or excitement from the process of killing- they typically drag out the killing process over time, such as torturing the victim for a while (sometimes over days/weeks/months)- Almost any time you see restraints (such as rope, duct tape, other bindings, blindfolds, etc.)
what are the different types of act focused killers
- vision/visionary killers - mission killers - hitman/ hit women
define vision/visionary killers
- typically psychotic --> delusional, hearing voice/hallucinations = drives to kill victim- characterized as a disorganized killer --> body/weapon left at crime scene- little planning/blitz attack - easiest to catch
define mission killers
- target certain people such as prostitutes, race, homeless- just trying to kill a certain type of group, no point trying to drag it out
define hitman/ hitwomen
- they are hired and payed to take people out - with a firearm from the distance - professional killers
what are the different kinds of process focused killers
- hedonistic/sadistic killers- power control killers
define hedonistic/sadistic killers
- torture over a period of time --> typically use restraints - enjoy the process of killing - rarely use firearms --> choking, beating, cutting, hacking- sexual --> rape or 'get off' - necrophilia
define power control killers
- drag out the process- similar to hedonistic - no sexual component - exciting just to exert their power over the victim
define black widow/widowers
- more than likely a female but it can be a male - want to gain finical profit - not always a Sprouse could be a relative or friend- use a type of poison such as antifreeze or arsine/cyanide in food- happens a lot
define angels of death
- usually female- caregiver role with the victims --> doctors/nurses/medical staff/someone taking care of sick or elderly - 2nd most prolific killer in the world--> Dr. Harold Shipman identified in the killing of over 200 patients of his
what are the categories of killer
- mass murders - spree killers- serial killer
define mass murderer
individuals who kill more than one person at a single scene/area at one time/incident
define spree killer
- type of offending rampage- kill people at a couple or more scenes in close time proximity, with no "cooling off" period- go from one scene to the next, and kill people at multiple places
define serial killer
- individuals who kill more that a couple of victims across time, and they DO HAVE a "cooling off" period- cooling off period is only days or weeks, but usually it is over months, or even years
what is body farm?
a nickname for a long-established outdoor laboratory of the Anthropology Department at University of Tennessee at Knoxville
where are the current other 4 body farms
North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and 2 in Texas
original Body Farm in Knoxville, located
right next to the University of Tennessee Medical Center on the campus of UT
body farm was first started in the late __??__ by a professor of anthropology, ___??___
1970; Dr. William Bass
once a body decomposes at the Body Farm in Knoxville, they ___??___, and place them in the __??__ of the UT football stadium
- place all remains of the skeleton in its own box (numbered by case) ; basement
the Body Farm has an average of about __??__ decomposing on its grounds at a given time
40 bodies
They make a concentrated effort to try to place the various bodies they get into a wide variety of circumstances, such as in the trunk of a car, others in the passenger area of car, tied to a tree (vertical, which is much different decomposition-wise than horizontal), raised over the ground, buried a foot down in the dirt, etc......WHY???
try to develop data and knowledge on the different ways bodies decay over time
One large area that the Body Farm also investigates...
Forensic Entomology
historically most detectives saw insects as __??__, modern detectives have realized they are __??__, or Post-Mortem Interval,
contaminating the scene of a crime; vital in determining what is known as the PMI
statistic they give on the likelihood of a child being killed at school
1 in 1 million
which years of all school shootings were covered by this report
1993 to 1997
offenders in these school attacks
are typically male
which state was most represented in terms of the number of attacks for this study (note the state with the most locations)
United States
I want you to know about one of the attacks that were mentioned for California, which was in Redlands
An 8th grader was sent home for a uniform violation, and he returned with a sawed-off shotgun and shot the principal in the face/neck (in front of a bunch of kindergarten students). The principal survived and (after approximately 56 surgeries) was recently appointed the Superintendant of Clarke County School District in the Las Vegas area. So he ended up being OK overall. The student who shot him died on his run back home. Some say he committed suicide with the shotgun, and others believe he slipped and shot himself accidently. Regardless, he died right after he shot the principal. I found it quite ironic of all the local schools, and the many incidents of violence in them (especially the high schools), that it was a private Catholic school that was the only Inland Empire school that occurred in the many years that this study covered.
typical weapon used
guns
typical social category/peer status of the offenders
- status- not able to cope with a loss or failure - category-nearly half involved in sports, clubs, etc-
typical household makeup of the offenders
fellow students, faculty and staff
typical targets of the offenders
least one school administrator, faculty member, or staff member as a target.- rarely students
how long the typical incident lasted
15 minutes or less from when the attack started to the time the attacker was apprehended - .25 - within 5 minutes
what type of people stopped most of the attacks
stopped through intervention by school administrators, educators, and students or by the attacker stopping on his own
typical number of offenders in such attacks
typically alone
typical grades/academic standing of such attackers.
- rarely in trouble - no marked change in friends or academic - some was bullied