Physical sound quantity unit
sound pressure level (not db)
typical hearing loss in noise overexposure
4000 hz
raynauds phenomenon
cold test, louis prusik test, pletysmography finger NOT EMG
laser properties:
- monochromatic light,
- same wavelength,
- no divergence
best absorbed radiation by lead
GAMMA RADIATION
Best climate measurements
humidity, temp�C and air velocity
Thermal comfort factors is not influenced by
psychological stress
best method of detection fo physical activity
Indirect calorimetry
Visible light spectrum
400 - 750nm
Dust particles into alveoli
5 micro
ppe
spare prevention
Kinetosis
transport
Energy output
watt (should be joules)
Farmer's lung
hypersensitivity penumonitis caused by hay mold and dust
limit for healthy noise
85 db
what is kinetosis
whole body vibration
spare prevention at the work place
masks + gloves
Deterministic effect
acute radition sickness
Stochastic vs Deterministic
...
when is EMG not used
in Reynaulds
test not used in carpal tunnel syndrome
coombs test (serology test)
factor causing hand vibration
chain saw
Miners are exposed to:
limb exhaustion
Moldy hay for farmers most common cause
pneumoconiosis
carpal tunnel
most common occ disease inCR
which colour absorbes heat
black
indirect calorimetry
best way to measure work output
cancerous fibers
asbestosis
Regulation 361/2007 coll -
assesment of health risk working with asbestos and checking its presence in the work place
most debilitating effect on a worker.
cardiovascular
not a presentation of hearing loss? Stress at work?
decreased BP
which factor does not affect the working temperature
Psychological stress
root of exposure of HCV
serology
NO ORAL FECAL
Laser -
d) all above correct (all statements correct)
Amount of work is measured in
joules
most debilitating factor effecting a worker.
heart failure
Review PPT
...
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
Most frequent occupational desease
Caused by vibrations/long-term excessive unilateral overload (vs. general causes)
Locksmith, miner, assembly worker, metal grinder
At least moderately impaired
CTS diagnostics
Phalen�s maneuver
Tinel�s test
Electromyography (objective method) (though it says differently above?)
Damage to small blood vessels caused by vibration
vasospastic stage:
--> in hypothermia - secundar Raynaud's phenomenon
--> parestezia, whitening, desensitization, after whitening ? reactive hyperemia
vasoparalytic stage (rare)
--> paralysis of smooth muscle arterioles
--> cyanosis and swelling of finger
Secondary Reynaud
water cooling test
finger plethysmography
Lewis-Prusik
bone joints and damage
caused by repetitive microtrauma and subsequent reparative process (vibrations)
Bone cysts -
Arthosis -
Aseptic necrosis
Occupational diseases of the respiratory tract, lungs, pleura and peritoneum
Silicosis, coalworkers pneumoconiosis
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Professional bronchial asthma
Lung cancer from radioactive substances
Rest of Power Points
...
Employer is obligated
to ensure occupational health care services provider
employee is obligated
medical exam
special kind of vaccination (if nec)
must follow occupational safety and health
Health protection at work:
working conditions assessment
health affects of exposure assessment
categorization of work (4x)
1. Minimal risk
2. bearable
3. significant
4. high
3+4= risky work
dust
acceptable expsure:
mg.m-3 or fiber m-3
dust and chemicals limit
1. up to 30% of limit
2. from 30% to limit
3. exceed limit
4. really freaking exceeds limit,
cold load limit
not lower than 4degrees
exposure assessment: biological monitoring
plumbemia (lead?) .4mg/l
lead poisoning
accumulation of intermediates --> colic pain, anemia
peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, black spots on gums
lead poisoining diagnostics and therapy
Blood (serum) lead level
Population level < 0,1mg/l
Occupational exposure < 0,4 mg/l
Poisoning > 0,5 mg/l
? Aminolevulinic acid
Basophilic stippling of erythrocytes
Tx: Chelates (EDTA + saline in intravenous infusion)
Mercury posioning
Blood (serum) mercury level - recent exposure
Population level 4-10 ?g/l
Occupational exposure not determined
Urine mercury level - chronic exposure
Occupational exposure limit 0,1 mg/g creatin.
Therapy
Bed rest + pulmonary edema therapy
Chelates (DMPS di
CO poisoning
confirmed by measuring the levels of carbon monoxide in the blood
CO-oximeter
Breath CO monitoring = alternative to pulse CO-oximetry
Fresh air (CO half-life 4hrs)
Oxygenotherapy (100% oxygen accelerating carboxyhemoglobin decrease 4x)
Hyperbaric oxygen t
Binaural Hearing Loss Formula
Total binaural hearing loss: (B-A)/4 + A
A - % better hearing ear losses
B - % worse hearing ear losses
Noise Damage
Under 30 years
? 40% total loss and more...
Between 30 and 50 years
? 40% + 1% every 2 years
Over 50 years
? 50% total loss and more...
+ when working in excessive noise exposure (assessment by PHA, usually when exceeds 85 dB per 8 hour shift)
PPE
Ear plugs up to 95 dB
Ear shells 95 dB and above
CAVE different sound characteristics - choose according to the noise spectrum in the workplace
Helmets 100 dB and above (+ bone conduction)
Vibration Classification
Whole body vibration (vertical or horizontal)
(0,5 Hz - 80 Hz)
From vibrating seat or a platform
Whole body vibration of a frequance lower than 0,5 Hz -> motion sickness
Hand/foot transmitted vibration
(6,3 Hz - 1250 Hz)
Special way transmitted vibration
Vibration Pains
General discomfort
Spinal health risk (low-back pain)
Fatigue due to vibrations (postural muscle spasm ? relaxation)
Motions sickness
Increased CV risk
Max allowable vibration
maximum allowable vibration acceleration level in 8 hour shift = 128 dB (hand-transsmited vibrations)
Hand /Foot damage vibration
Peripheral nerve damage
-- Nervus medianus impairment
-- Nervus ulnaris impairment
Small vessels damage
Bones and joint damage
aerosols
DUST = SOLID AEROSOLS
dust pollution rate
By weight, mg/m3
By number (particles - fibers), particles/m3
PEL = permissible exposure limit
dusts with fibrotic effect
Crystalline form of silica
Mining, tunneling, glassblowing etc.
dust with non specific effect
just deposition.
CAVE: any fibrogenic or toxic component???
Lignite, limestone, oxides of iron...
dust with irritating effect
Textile
Cotton, flax, hemp, silk...
Animal
Feathers, wool, fur...
Plant
Flour, tobacco, spices, grain dust...
Dust from wood
Others
Formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins dust etc...
mineral fiber dust
Natural mineral fibres: Asbestos
Man-made mineral fibres:Slag, glass...
nitrogen narcosis
reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at depth (resamble effects of alcohol/BZD)
gamma radiation
electromagnetic radiation of an extremely high frequency ( energies above 100 keV), very penetrating
fom the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei, consists of photons
natural sources: naturally occurring radioisotopes
more penetrating but less ionising than
ionizing radiation units (source)
-> source related
Radioactivity (Bq)
1 Bq = One nucleus decay per second
ionizing radiation units (recipient)
Absorbed dose (Gy)
absorbed amount of energy (J/kg)
measuring high levels of ionizing radiation on the human body (deterministic effect)
Equivalent dose (Sv)
absorbed dose multiplied by the radiation weighting factor WR (dependent on the type and energy o
radiation dermatitis
Early erythema: a few hours after exposure; disappear within 24 hours
Late erythema: Latency: 2-3 weeks
similar to termal burns
badly healing ulcers, falls apart even after years
may even cause temporary or permanent hair loss, atrophy, pigmentation, etc.
physical characteristics of light
electromagnetic radiation, range of 400-700 nanometres
luminous intensity - "flux density", wavelength-weighted power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid angle (candela)
luminous flux - total quantity of visible light emitte
disease of lung, pleura, peritoneum caused by asbestos
Asbestosis from s2, t2, u2 according to ILO
Pleural hyalinosis (with impaired pulmonary function)
Mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum
Lung cancer, larynx cancer or ovarian cancer in association with asbestosis or pleural hyalinosis
traveler's diarrhea prevention
boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it