Bio Test 2

Write the formula for Aerobic Respiration. (1 pt)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ? 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy (used to produce up to 38 ATP)

What SPECIFIC ORGANELLE is involved in AEROBIC RESPIRATION in: (1 pt each)
a. Dog cells
b. Dogwood tree cells
c. The flu virus
d. Aerobic bacteria
e. Anaerobic bacteria

a. mitochondria
b. mitochondira
c. none
d. none
e. none

What SPECIFIC type of obligate anaerobic bacteria normally grow in zebra lungs? Explain your answer. (2 pts)

They can't - the oxygen in lungs would kill anaerobic bacteria since they have no means to stop damage from the reactive oxygen species that are present there

Write the formula for Photosynthesis. (1 pt)

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy from light ? C6H12O6 + 6O2

5. What specific organelle of each of the following is involved in photosynthesis? (1 pt each)
a. Grass root cell
b. Grass bundle sheath cell
c. Grass mesophyll cell
d. Virus infecting plants
e. Virus infecting animals
f. Brain cell

a. None - root cells don't do this
b. Chloroplast
c. Chloroplast
d. None - they don't do this
e. None - they don't do this
f. None - they don't do this

6. What THREE unusual properties of mitochondria make it similar to prokaryotes? (3 pts)

Has its own prokaryotic type of ribosomes; have their own DNA, RNA, make their own proteins; DNA is circular and has no introns, like those of prokaryotes

What lily flower cell organelle is similar to mitochondria? (1 pt)

Chloroplasts (they have mitochondria as well)

7. Briefly describe photorespiration. (1 pt)

RuBP binds to oxygen rather than CO2. Inhibits photosynthesis

What are TWO alternative forms of the light-independent reaction that avoid this problem? (1 pt)

C4 and CAM

a. What specific sugar in light-independent reactions of photosynthesis binds to both CO2 and O2? State what leaf CELL TYPE this sugar is found in the CAM, C3, and C4 plants. (4 pts)

Sugar name: RuBP
Leaf cell in CAM: Mesophyll Leaf cell in C3: Mesophyll
Leaf cell in C4: Bundle sheath cell

b. What specific sugar in light-independent reactions of photosynthesis binds only to CO2 State what leaf CELL TYPE this sugar is found in the CAM, C3, and C4 plants. (4 pts)

Sugar name: PEP
Leaf cell in CAM: Mesophyll
Leaf cell in C3: No found in C3
Leaf cell in C4: Mesophyll

Compare these properties for CAM, C3, and C4 plants: (1 pt each)

a. environment found in
b. name of the cell types used
c. when stoma are open
CAM:
a. dry/hot
b. mesophyll
c. only at night
C3:
a. most environments
b. mesophyll
c. day/night
C4:
a. hot
b. mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
c. during cool parts of day

10. What SPECIFIC pigment within chloroplasts is used to capture light energy during photosynthesis? What TWO specific types of visible light are used? (2 pts)

Chlorophyll; red and violet

11. Aerobic versus anaerobic RESPIRATION (or both or neither) (1 pt each) a. Begins with glycolysis:
b. Uses the Kreb's cycle:
c. Used primarily by redwood trees:
d. Was primarily used by my cat Cuddles:
e. Releases oxygen:
f. Releases alcohol:
g. Uses ph

a. Begins with glycolysis: both
b. Uses the Kreb's cycle: aerobic
c. Used primarily by redwood trees: Aerobic
d. Was primarily used by my cat Cuddles: Aerobic
e. Releases oxygen: neither
f. Releases alcohol: Anaerobic
g. Uses photons of red light: Neither

12. When is each of the following used? Your choices are: Kreb's cycle, Calvin cycle, C4 cycle, CAM, glycolysis, Photosystem I (Light Reaction), Photosystem II (Light Reaction), electron transport chain, or none of them. List ALL correct answers!!! (1 pt

a. Splitting of glucose
Glycolysis
b. Splitting of water
Photosystem II
c. Chlorophyll a
Photosystems I and II
d. Red and violet light
Photosystems I and II
e. ATP synthase
Electron transport chains
f. Oxaloacetate
Kreb's cycle, C4 cycle, CAM
g. PEP
C4 an

BRIEFLY describe the FUNCTION of: (1 pt each)

a. Stoma b. Stroma
Pore in leaf that allows passage of gases Allows light-independent photosynthesis
c. Electron transport chain d. ATP
Produces ATP Quick energy source
e. Mesophyll cells f. Bundle sheath cells
Allow photosynthesis Allow carbon-fixation i

14. Define each of the following. State whether each can grow in this room AND EXPLAIN WHY or WHY NOT. (6 pts)

a. Facultative anaerobic bacteria
Can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen - can grow here
b. Obligate anaerobic bacteria
Can't grow in the presence of oxygen - cannot grow here
c. Obligate aerobic bacteria
Grow only in the presence of oxygen - can g

15. Name 2 SPECIFIC places in the thylakoid that contain chlorophyll a. (1 pt)

Reaction centers of Photosystems I and II

16. Give one positive and one negative result that could occur if humans were suddenly able to do photosynthesis. (2 pts)

Positive - could help to eliminate starvation; no longer have to kill animals or plants to eat. Human societies would become truly green
Negative - we would use up more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and increase oxygen and toxic reactive oxygen species

IF YOU had the choice, would you choose for us do photosynthesis? Explain why. (2 pts)

Yes, maybe IF we could do so wisely and in moderation so as to not produce too much reactive oxygen species or use up too much CO2 that the plants also need (probably unlikely to be wise, however!) Current system is best when you consider the poor choices

17. Give one positive and one negative result that could occur if humans were suddenly able to do anaerobic respiration. (2 pts)

Positive - we could survive in many more environments that lack oxygen
Negative - we would consume less oxygen so levels of toxic reactive oxygen species would rise

IF YOU had the choice, would you choose for us do anaerobic respiration? Explain why. (2 pts)

Yes, maybe IF we could do so wisely and in moderation so as to not produce too much reactive oxygen species (probably unlikely to be wise, however!) The current system is best when you consider the poor choices people often make! The universe was very wel

18. Give one positive and one negative result that could occur if humans were suddenly able to do aerobic respiration. (2 pts)

Positive - allows us to produce lots of energy
Negative - we also produce harmful reactive oxygen species in our mitochondria that eventually kill the mitochondria and the cells themselves

IF YOU had the choice, would you choose for us do aerobic respiration? Explain why. (2 pts)

Yes - we need lots of energy and were created with protective enzymes that allow us to live many years before very many of our cells are damaged. Current system works well for us and avoids the problems inherent in the other systems. The universe was very

19. How many TOTAL ATP are produced by the end of aerobic respiration? (1 pt) Biologists cheat!

Up to 38

How many NADH are produced during the entire process of aerobic respiration? State when they are formed (Glycolysis, electron transport system, Kreb's cycle, Calvin cycle, or transition stage). (2 pts)

2 during glycolysis, 2 during transition step, and 6 during Kreb's cycle - 10 total in aerobic respiration

How many FADH2 are produced during the entire process of aerobic respiration? State when they are formed (Glycolysis, electron transport system, Kreb's cycle, Calvin cycle, or transition stage). (2 pts)

2; both during Kreb's cycle

How many net ATP are produced: (1 pt each)
a. during glycolysis? b. during the Kreb cycle?
c. during the transition stage?

A. 2
B. 2
C. 0

d. from 1 NADH in the electron transport chain?

3

e. from 1 FADH2 in the electron transport chain

2