Spiral fracture
Encircles the shaft, is generally longer than an oblique fracture, and is caused by torsional forces
Colle's fracture
Transverse fracture through the distal radius with dorsal (posterior) angulation and often overriding the distal fracture fragment
Colle's fracture
In more than half the cases, there is an associated avulsion fracture of the ulnar styloid process
Colle's fracture
Usually caused by a fall on the outstretched hand and is the most common fracture of the wrist
Fatigue fracture
Stress fracture
Fatigue fracture
The result of repeated stresses to a bone that would not be injured by isolated forces of the same magnitude
Fatigue fracture
Activities resulting in these fractures are usually strenuous, often new or different, and repeated with frequency before producing pain
Fatigue fracture
Frequently occurs in soldiers during basic training ("march" fracture)
Fatigue fracture
Most common sites are the shafts of the second and third metatarsals, the calcaneus, the proximal and distal shafts of the tibia and fibula, the shaft and neck of the femur, and the ischial and pubic rami
Oblique fracture
Runs a course of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone and is caused by angulation or by both angulation and compression forces
Avulsion fracture
Generally small fragments torn from bony prominences; they are usually the result of indirectly applied tension forces within attached ligaments and tendons rather than direct blows
Malunion
The healing of fracture fragments in a faulty position; leads to impairment of normal function or a cosmetic appearance that may require surgical correction
Hangman's fracture
The result of acute hyperextension of the head on the neck; appears as a fracture of the arch of C2 anterior to the inferior facet and is usually associated with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3; more commonly the result of MVA
Pathologic fracture
Occurs in bone at an area of weakness caused by a process such as a tumor, infection, or metabolic bone disease
Transverse fracture
Fracture that runs at a right angle to the long axis of a bone and most commonly results from a direct blow or is a fracture within pathologic bone
Dislocation
Refers to the displacement of a bone that is no longer in contact with its normal articulation
Subluxation
If there is only partial loss of continuity of the joint surfaces, the displacement is called a ________
Undisplaced fracture
Occurs when a plane of cleavage exists in the bone without angulation or separation
Comminuted fracture
Fracture composed of more than two fragments; butterfly or segmental fracture
Compression fracture
Results from a compression force that causes compaction of bone trabeculae and results in decreased length or width of a portion of a bone
Compression fracture
Most commonly occur in the vertebral body as a result of flexion of the spine; they may also be seen as impacted fractures of the humeral or femoral heads