Phalanges
most distal bones of the foot, five digts of each foot are numbered 1-5 starting with the big toe
Proximal phalanx
closest to the metatarsals, in all toes
Distal phalanx
most distal part of the toe, in all toes
Middle phalanx
only in 2-5 digits
Metatarsal
the 5 bones of the instep, numbered along with the digits 1-5
Head
the small rounded distal part of each metatarsal
Body(shaft)
centrally located , long , slender portion of the metatarsal
Base
the expanded proximal end of each metatarsal
Base of the 5th metatarsal
expanded laterally into a prominent rough tuberosity which provides for the attachment of a tendon
Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP)
each of the joints at the head of the metatarsal
Tarsometatarsal joints (TMT)
each of the joints at the base of the metatarsals
Sesamoid bones
several small detached bones
Calcaneus
the largest and strongest bone of the foot (heel bone )
Tuberosity
bone spurs= sharp outgrowths of bone that can be painful on weight-bearing = Achilles tendon is connected to this
Lateral process
the largest rounded process
Medial process
the smaller less pronounced process
Peroneal trochlea
ridge of bone that varies in size and shape and is visualized laterally on an axial projection
Sustentaclum tali
support for the process
Tib/Fib and the talus
What is the ankle joint made of?
Lateral malleolus
the expanded distal end of the slender fibula which extends well down alongside the talus
Medial malleolus
the medial elongated process of the tibia that extends down alongside the media talus
Mortise
the inferior portions of the tibia and fibula form a deep "socket" or three-sided opening
Mortise position
a 15 degree internally rotated AP oblique projection of the ankle
Anterior tubercle
an expanded process at the distal anterior and lateral tibia that has been shown to articulate with the superolateral talus
Tibial plafond
distal tibial joint surface that forms the roof of the ankle mortise joint
Tibia
one of the larger bones of the body , the weight bearing bone of the lower leg
Medial and lateral condyles
2 large processes that make up the medial and lateral aspects of the proximal tibia
Intercondyler eminence
2 small pointed prominences that are located on the superior surface of the tibial head between the 2 conyles
Tibial plateau
articulates with the femur
Tibial tuberosity
rough-textured prominence locates on the mid anterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles
Arthrography
looks for the knee
CT
looks for the lower limbs and soft tissue
MRI
looking at the knee
Bone densitometry
loss of bone in older patients
nuclear medicine
radioisotopes injected into the bloodstream, looks for pathologys
supine and knees flexed
in the AP toes how is the patient on the table?
40 inches
for the AP oblique toes what is the SID?
Tangential projection of the Toes
profile image of the sesamoid bones at the 1st MTP joint for evaluation of extent of injury
10 degrees posterioly
what do you angle on an AP foot ?
to free any superimpostion for the foot with an average arch
Why do you rotate the foot medially to place the plantar surface 30 degree-40 degree to plabe of the IR for the AP oblique of the foot?
Dorsiflex
on the lateral foot you _____ the patients foot
14X17 crosswise
on the AP weight -bearing proj of the foot you use what kind of cassette?
40 degrees cephalad
what do you angle on the axial calcaneus ?
1 inch inferior to medial malleolus
where do you center for a lateral calcaneus ?
10X12 lengthwise
what type of cassette do you use for an AP ankle?
AP Mortise
evaluation of pathology involving the entire ankle mortise and the proximal 5th metatarsal
45 degrees
how far do you flex the knee on an AP oblique ankle ?
fully extended
how are the legs on the lateral ankle ?
Ap stress Ankle
pathology involving ankle joint seperation secondary to ligamnet tear or rupture
14X17 diagonal
what type of cassette do you use for an AP tib/fib?
10X12 in the bucky
what type of cassette do you use for an AP knee
70@5
what technique do you use for an Oblique knees?
1/2 inch below patella
where do you center for a lateral knee ?
70@8
what is the technique for a lateral knee?
76@5
what is the technique for the PA patella ?
10-15 degrees from lower legs
how much do you angle for a Sunrise patella ?
AP weight-bearing bilateral knee
for possible degeneration or other knee joint pathologies
Rosenberg method
the patellae is touching the bucky in the ______ method
Camp coventry method
the patient is prone with 40-50 degree flexion in the _____ method?
Holmblad method
the patient is on all fours leaning 20-30 degrees in the ____ method
Beclere method
the reverse of the camp coventry / Holmblad method
The patellar surface
the smooth , shallow , triangular depression at the distal portion of the anterior femur that extends up under the lower part of the patella also called the intercondyler sulcus or the trochlear groove
Sulcus
groove or depression
Trochlea
pulley or pulley-shaped structure in reference to the medial and lateral condyles
Adductor tubercle
a slightly raised area that receives the tendon of an adductor muscle
Popliteal surface
the posterior surface of the distal femur just proximal to the intercondylar fossa
Knee joint proper
femortibial joint between the 2 condyles of the femur and tibia and the patellofemoral joint
Suprapatellar bursa
the articular cavity or bursa of the knee joint extends upward under and superior to the patella
Medial and lateral menisci
fibrocartilage disks between the articular facets of the tibia and the femoral condyles
Dorsum
the top or anterior surface of the foot
Dorsum pedis
refers to the upper surface or the surface opposite the sole of the foot
Plantar surface
the sole of the foot
AP projection of the foot
The dordoplantar (DP) projection of the foot is also known as what?
PA projection of the foot
plantodorsal (PD) projection of the foot is known as what?
Plantar flexion
extending the ankle joint or pointing the foot and toe down with respect to the horn
Inversion
varus is also called?
Eversion
valgus is also called?
Merchant bilateral method
subluxation of patella and other abnormities of the patella and femoropatellar joints
Hughston Method
which method do you angle the CR 15-20 degrees from long axis of lower leg
Settegast Method
In this method the patient is prone and the knees are flexed to a minimum of 90 degrees
Hobbs Modification
This method is superinfeior sitting and tangential