adnexa uteri
Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
amnion
innermost memberanous sac surrounding the developing fetus
areola
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
bartholin glands
small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
cervix
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
chorion
outermoust layer of the two memberanes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
clitoris
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the oepning of the female urethra
coitus
sexual intercourse; copulation.
corpus Iuteum
Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)
cul-de-sac
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
embryo
Stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks
endometrium
inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
estrogen
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes femal secondary sex characteristics
fallopian tube
one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
fertilization
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
fetus
stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
finger or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
gamete
male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
genitalia
Reproductive organs; also called genitals
gestation
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
gonad
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
gynecology
study of the femal reproductive organs including the breasts
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
hymen
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
labia
lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
lactiferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
mammary papilla
Nipple of the breat. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
mearche
Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
menopause
Gradual ending of menstruation
menstruation
monthly shedding of the uterine lining. The flow of the blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses (latin for month)
myometrium
Muscle layer of the uterus
neonatology
Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn
obstetrics
Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
orifice
an opeining
ovarian follicle
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime
ovary
one of a pair of femal organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
ovulation
release of the ovum from the ovary
Ovum (plural: ova)
mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes.
parturition
act of giving birth
perineum
in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
placenta
vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams.
pregnancy
condition in a femal of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus Luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
puberty
point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
uterine serosa
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost, neck-like portion is the cervix
vagina
Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
vulva
External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
zygote
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
amni/o
amnion IE: amniotic fluid
cervic/o
cervix, neck
chori/o, chorion/o
chorionic
colp/o
vagina
culd/o
cul-de-sac IE: culdocentesis- a needle is placed through the posterior wall of the vagina and fluid is withdrawn for diagnostic purposes
episi/o
vulva
galact/o
milk
gynec/o
woman, female
hyster/o
uterus, womb
lact/o
milk
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
men/o
menses, menstruation
metr/o, metri/o
uterus
my/o, myom/o
muscle, muscle tumor
nat/i
birth
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
o/o
egg
oophor/o
ovary IE: oophorectomy- Oophor/o means to bear (phor/o) eggs (o/o). In a bilateral oophorectomy, both ovaries are removed
ov/o
egg
ovari/o
ovary
ovul/o
egg
perine/o
perineum
phor/o
to bear
salping/o
fallopian tubes
uter/o
uterus
vagin/o
vagina
vulv/o
vulva
-arche
beginning
-cyesis
pregancy
-gravida
pregnant
-parous
bearing, bringing forth
-rrhea
discharge
-salpinx
fallopian (uterine) tube
-tocia
labor, birth
-version
act of turning
dys-
painful
endo-
within
in-
in
intra-
within
multi-
many
nulli-
not, no, none
pre-
before
primi-
first
retro-
backward
pap test
Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix
pregnancy test
blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG
hysterosalpingography (HSG)
x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injecting of contrast material
mammography
x-ray imaging of the breast
breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI
Technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue
pelvic ultrasonography
recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
aspiration
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
carcinoma of the cerivs
malignant cells within the cerivx (cervical cancer) which would involve a radical (complete) hysterectomy
cervitis
Inflammation of the cervix
carcinoma of the endometrium
Malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
endometriosis
Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus
ovarian carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
ovarian cyst
collection of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, endocervicitis
Dermoid cyst (of the ovary)
is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands, sometimes clumps of long hair, and often pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue.
carcinoma of the breast
Malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
her-2/neu
a second receptor protein, this is found in some breast cancers and signals a high risk of tumor recurrance
fibrocystic disease
Numberous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast
abruptio placentae
Premature separation of the implanted placenta
choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the placenta
eptopic pregnancy
Implantationof the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
multiple gestation
more than one fetus inside the uterus
placenta previa
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
preeclampsia
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
erythroblastosis disease
hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
hyaline membrane disease
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
meconium aspiration syndrome
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn. if inhaled during birth, meconium can block air passages and cause the lungs to fail to expand- called meconium ileus
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
conization
removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix
cryosurgery
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
culdocentesis
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)
Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus
exenteration
removal of internal organs within a cavity
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an edoscope (laparoscope)
tubal ligation
blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
abortion (AB)
spontaneaous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embroy or fetus can exist on its own
amniocentesis
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
cesarean section
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis
fetal monitoring
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and meternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a lab dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
pelvimetry
measurement of the dimentsions of the maternal pelvis
AB
abortion
BRCA1/BRCA2
breast cancer 1 & 2 - genetic mutations associated with increased risk for breast cancer
BSE
breast self-examination
CA 125
Protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer (normal rage of values is 0 to 35)
C-section
cesarean section
CIN
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CIS
carcinoma in situ
CS
cesarean section
CVS
chorionic villis sampling
D&C
dilation (dilatation) and curettage
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone
G
gravida (pregnant)
GYN
gynecology
hCG OR HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
IUD
Intrauterine device; contraceptive
IVF
in vitro fertilization
OB
obstetrics
PARA 2-0-1-2
a woman's reproductive history; 2 fullterm infants, 0 perterm, 1 abortion, and 2 living children
Pap Tests
papanicolaou smear- test for cervical or vaginal cancer
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
PMS
premenstrual syndrome
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
VH
vaginal hysterectomy