Motion
The change in the position of an object
Gravity
An attracting force between any two objects with mass
Friction
A contact force acting against motion and slows objects down
Kinetic Energy
The energy that comes from the fact that an object is MOVING
Potential Energy
Energy in an object that is there when it is still
Electrons
Particles with a negative charge
Circuit
a route that starts and finishes in the same place
Energy source
Battery - where the energy starts
Resistor
The part of the circuit using the energy (Ex. Light Bulb)
Conductor
A material that allows electricity to pass through it easily
Insulator
A material that DOES NOT allow electricity to pass through it easily
Magnetism
the force that causes magnets to pull on objects
Repel
To go against
Attract
To pull closer
Electric Energy
Light Sockets
Light Energy
Sunshine
Heat Energy
Stove
Chemical Energy
Food
Mechanical Energy
Movement
Sound
Guitar Playing
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Property
A characteristic of an object
Observable Properties
Properties we can identify using our senses
Measurable Properties
Properties we can measure by using tools
Volume
The amount of space that matter takes up
Mass
The WEIGHT or the amount of matter that makes up an object
Density
How tightly packed molecules are within a specific space
Physical Change
Change in the state of matter (liquid, gas, solid) (Liquid evaporating or ice melting)
Chemical Change
Changes the chemicals in the substance (Fireworks, burning something)
Rotation
The spinning of earth on its axis
Revolution
The movement of the Earth around the sun
Axis
Imaginary Line that goes through the center of the Earth
Minerals
Natural, nonliving solid crystals that make up a substnace
Luster
How shiny a mineral is
Streak
The color of the powder streak left behind when scratched
Weathering
The process of earth's materials breaking down into smaller pieces
Erosion
The process of weathered bits being carried away
Deposition
The laying down of pieces of rock
Crust
The outermost layer of the Earth
Mantle
The second layer of the Earth
Outer Core
The third layer of the Earth
Inner Core
The most inner layer of the earth
Tectonic Plates
Plates that exist on the crust that create earthquakes and volcanoes
Earthquakes
Two tectonic plates rubbing against one another that creates a tremor on the Earth
Volcano
When magma comes to the surface of the Earth and erupts through the surface
Surface Water
Water that is above the Earth's Surface
Groundwater
Water that is below the earth's surface
Condensation
When vapor cools and changes into droplets of water
Precipitation
Any form of water that falls back to earth
Evaporation
energy from the sun heats liquid water and the water changes to water vapor
Runoff
Water that goes off of the land and collects in rivers, lakes, and the ocean
Liquid
0
Solid
0
Gas
0
Ecosystem
all living and nonliving things in an environment and the many ways that they interact with each other
Habitat
The area where an organism lives
Population
a group of living organisms of the same kind
Producer
Organisms that make their own food
Consumer
Organisms that eat other living things
Decomposer
Organisms that break down plant and animal remains
Herbivores
animals that mainly eat plants
Omnivores
animals that eat both plants and animals
carnivores
animals that mainly eat other animals
Food Chain
shows the transfer of energy from one energy to another
Fossils
The remains of a prehistoric organism
Extinction
the disappearance of a species from earth
Predator
an animal that eats another animal
prey
the animal that is eaten by the predator
Evolution
the development of living things over time from simple to complex
Photosynthesis
The combination of water, nutrients, sunlight, &carbon dioxide, and produces oxygen and sugar
Roots
soak up nutrients and water from the soil
Stem
supports the plant, carries water for the leaves and flower, and holds up leaves to sunlight
Leaf
makes food using the sunlight
Flower
Makes seeds for reproduction
Seed Dispersal
The movement of seeds via animals, water, or wind
Oxygen
What humans breathe
Carbon Dioxide
What plants breathe in
Pollination
the movement of pollen
Fertilization
when the seed is formed
Germination
when the seed begins to grow
Adaptation
a characteristic or behavior that helps a living thing survive
Camouflage
blending into an environment
Vertebrates
Organisms with bones
Invertebrate
Organisms without bones
Classify
To arrange or sort objects according to their shared characteristics
Mammals
Organisms with warm blood, who drink milk, and sweat when it's warm
Birds
Organisms with wings and who have shelled eggs and have feathers
Fish
Organisms that can breathe underwater, have gills, and have powerful tails
Reptiles
Organisms with scaly skin that are cold blooded and born and land and lay eggs
Amphibians
Organisms born in the water and have gills that become lungs
3 Reasons for Adaptations
1. Get Food 2. Reproduce 3. Protect Itself
Competition
When two or more living things need the same resources to survive
Senses
sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell
Smell
Nose
Hearing
Ears
Sight
Eyes
Touch
Fingers
Taste
Mouth
Protons
Positive particles
Neutrons
neutral particles
Migration
Moving
Learned Trait
Something that an animal IS NOT born with and learns throughout life to help it survive
Inherited Trait
A trait of an organism that is passed down from their mom or dad
Reproduce
make another copy of
Life Span
The length of time from an animal's birth to its death
Life Cycle
Series of changes in the life of an organism including reproduction