HESI Entrance Exam 341 terms

Adenoma

Tumor of a gland

Adenitis

Inflammation of a gland

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint

Biology

Study of life

Biopsy

Removal of living tissue and examination under a microscope.

Carcinoma

Cancerous tumor.

Cardiology

Study of the heart.

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head.

Cerebral

Pertaining to the brain.

Incision

Process of cutting into.

Excision

Process of cutting out.

Endocrine glands

Glands that secrete hormones within the body.

Cystoscopy

Process of visual examination of the urinary bladder.

Cytology

Study of cells.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin.

Hypodermic

Pertaining to under the skin.

Electrocardiogram

Record of the electricity in the heart.

Electroencephalogram

Record of the electricity of the brain.

Enteritis

Inflammation of the intestines.

Erythrocyte

A red blood cell.

Gastrectomy

Removal of the stomach.

Gastrotomy

Incision of the stomach.

Diagnosis

State of complete knowledge; information gathered about a patient's illness.

Prognosis

Prediction about the outcome of an illness.

Gynecology

Study of females and female diseases.

Hematology

Study of blood.

Hematoma

Collection (mass) of blood.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver.

Iatrogenic

Pertaining to being produced by treatment.

Leukocyte

White blood cell

Nephritis

Inflammation of the kidney.

Nephrology

Study of the kidney.

Neurology

Study of the nerves.

Oncology

Study of tumors.

Oncologist

Specialist in the study of tumors.

Ophthalmoscope

Instrument for visual examination of the eye.

Osteitis

Inflammation of the bone.

Osteoarthritis

Inflammation of bone and joints.

Pathology

Study of disease.

Pathologist

One who studies diseases performs autopsies and examines biopsy samples.

Pediatric

Pertaining to treatment of children.

Psychology

Study of the mind.

Psychiatrist

Specialist in the treatment of the mind.

Radiology

Study of x-rays.

Renal

Pertaining to the kidney.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nose.

Sarcoma

Tumor flesh tissue (cancerous tumor of connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, cartilage, fat).

Resection

Process of cutting out; removal

Thrombocyte

A clotting cell.

Urology

Study of the urinary tract.

Cardiac

Pertaining to the heart.

Neural

Pertaining to the nerves.

Arthralgia

Pain of a joint.

Nuphrectomy

Removal (resection) of a kidney.

Leukemia

Blood condition of white cells; malignant (cancerous) condition.

Carcinogenic

Pertaining to producing cancer.

Pathogenic

Pertaining to producing disease.

Gastric

Pertaining to the stomach.

Neurological

Pertaining to the study of nerves.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Endocrinology

Study of the endocrine glands.

Hepatoma

Tumor (malignant) of the liver.

Nuphrosis

Abnormal condition of the kidney.

Leukocytosis

Abnormal condition (Slight increase) of normal white blood cells.

Enteropathy

Disease of the intestines.

Adenopathy

Disease of glands.

Endoscope

Instrument to visually examine within (the body).

Endoscopy

Process of visually examining within (the body).

Osteotomy

Incision of a bone.

Gastroenterology

Process of study of the stomach and intestines.

Anemia

A decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

Autopsy

Self view" - examination of a dead body, understand its function

Endocrinologist

One who specializes in endocrine glands.

Epigastric

Pertaining to above the stomach.

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin; above the dermis layer.

Hyperglycemia

Condition of increased blood sugar.

Hypogastric

Pertaining to below the stomach.

Pericardium

Structure (membrane) surrounding the heart.

Resection

Removal; excision

Retrocardiac

Pertaining to behind the heart.

Subhepatic

Pertaining to below the liver.

Transhepatic

Pertaining to across or through the liver.

Abdominal

Pertaining to the abdomen.

Adipose

Pertaining to fat.

Anterior

Pertaining to the front

Anabolism

Process of casting up; Building - up or synthesizing process in a cell.

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck.

Chondroma

Tumor of cartilage

Chondrosarcoma

Flesh tumor (malignant) of cartilage

Chromosomes

Color Bodies"; contain genetic material and are located in the nucleus of cell.

coccygeal

Pertaining to the tail bone.

Craniotomy

Incision of the skull.

Cytoplasm

Contents (formation) of the cell (apart from the nucleus and cell memebrane).

Distal

Pertaining to far (from the beginning of a structure)

Dorsal

Pertaining to the back

Histology

Study of tissues.

Iliac

Pertaining to the ilium.

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin.

Karyotype

Picture (Classification) of the nucleus (and its chromosomes)

Lateral

Pertaining to the side

Lumboacral

Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions.

Medical

Pertaining to the middle.

Nucleic

Pertaining to the nucleus.

Pelvic

Pertaining to the hip bone.

Posterior

Pertaining to the back; behind

Proximal

Pertaining to near the beginning of a structure.

Sacral

Pertaining to the sacrum (lower back)

Sarcoma

Tumor of flesh tissue, malignant.

Spinal

Pertaining to the spine, backbone.

Epithelial Cell

Cell covering the surface of the skin and inner lining of body cavities and tubes.

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest.

Thoracotomy

Incision of the chest.

Tracheal

Pertaining to the windpipe.

Umbilical

Pertaining to the navel.

Ventral

Peratining to the belly side of the body.

Vertebral

Pertaining to the vertebrae.

Visceral

Pertaining to internal organs.

Anabolic

Pertaining to casting up; building up substances (proteins) in the cell.

Catabolism

Process of casting down; breaking down material in the cell to release energy.

Hypochondriac regions

Pertaining to under the rib cartilage (area of the abdomen).

Intervertebral

Pertaining to between the vertebrae.

Metabolism

State of building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism)processes in a cell.

Otalgia

Pain in the ear.

Neualgia

Pain of nerves.

Myalgia

Pain of muscles.

Rectocele

Hernia of the rectum.

Cystocele

Hernia of the urinary bladder.

Throacocentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest (thoracentesis).

Amniocentiesis

Surgical puncture of the amnion.

Abdominocentesis

Surgical puncture of the abdomen.

Streptococcus

Berry - shapped bacterium found in twisted chains.

Staphylococci

Berry - shapped bacteria in clusters.

Thrombocyte

Clotting cell

Pleurodynia

Pain in the chest wall, muscles that is aggravated by breathing.

Laryngectomy

Removal of the larynx.

Mastectomy

Removal of a breast.

Ischemia

To hold back blood from an area of the body.

Carcinogenesis

Condition of producing cancer.

Pathogenesis

Condition of producing disease.

Angiogenesis

Fromation of blood vessels.

Osteogenic

Pertaining to produced within bone.

Myelogram

Record (xray) of the spinal cord

Angiography

Process of recording (xray) blood vessels

Phlebitis

Inflammation of veins.

Ophthalmology

Study of the eye.

Morphology

Study of shape or form.

Hemolysis

Destruction of blood (breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin).

Osteomalacia

Softening of bone.

Chondromalacia

Softening of cartilage.

Acromegaly

Enlargement of extremities.

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen.

Myoma

Tumor (benign) of muscle.

Myosarcoma

Tumor (malignant) of muscle (a type of flesh tissue).

Multiple myelcoma

Tumor of bone marrow.

Abrupt

Sudden

Abstain

to voluntarily refrain

Access

to obtain entry or a means approach

Accountable

responsible

Adhere

to hold fast or stick together

Adverse

undesired, possibly harmful

Affect

appearance of observable emotions

Annual

occuring every year.

Apply

to place, put on, or spread something

Audible

able to be heard

Bilateral

present on two sides

Cast

hard protective device applied to protect a broken bone while it heals

Cease

to come to an end or bring to an end

Compensatory

off setting or making up for something

Complication

an undesired problem that is the result of some other event

Comply

do as directed

Concave

rounded inward

Concise

brief to the point

Consistency

degree of viscosity, how thick or thin a fluid is

Constrict

to draw together or become smaller

Contingent

dependent

Contour

shape or outline of a shape

Contraindication

a reason why something is not advisable or why it should not be done

Defecate

to expel feces

Deficit

a defeciency or lack of something

Depress

press downward

Depth

downward measurment from a surface

Deteriorating

worsening

Device

tool or piece of equipment

Diameter

the distance across the center of an object

Dilate

to enlarge or expand

Dilute

to make a liquid less concentrated

Discrete

distinct, deparate

Distended

enlarged or expanded from pressure

Elevate

to lift up or place in a higher position

Endogenous

produced with the body

Exacerbate

to make worse or more severe

Excess

more than what is needed or usual

Exogenous

produced outside of the body

Expand

to increase in size or amount

Exposure

contact

External

located outside of the body

Fatal

resulting in death

Fatigue

extreme tiredness, exhaustion

Flaccid

limp, lacking tone

Flushed

reddened or rubby appearance

Gaping

wide open

Gender

sex of an individual, as male or female

Hydration

maintenanace of body fluid balance

Hygeine

measures contributing to cleanliness

Impaired

diminished or lacking some usual quality or level

Impending

likely to occur soon

Incidence

occurence

Inflamed

reddened, swollen warm, and often tender

Ingest

to swallow for digestion

Initiate

to begin or put into practice

Insidious

so gradual as not to become apparent for a long time

Intact

in place, unharmed

Internal

located within the body

Invasive

inserting or entering into a bodypart

Labile

changing rapidly and often

Latent

present, but not active or visible

Lethargic

difficult to arouse

Manifestation

and indication or sign of a condition

Nutrient

substance or ingredient that provides nourishment

Occluded

closed or obstructed

Ominous

significantly important and dangerous

Ongoing

continuous

Oral

given through or affecting the mouth

Overt

obvious, easily observed

Parameter

a characterisic or constant factor

Paroxysmal

beginning suddenly or abruptly

Patent

open

Potent

producing a strong effect

Potential

capable of occurring or likely to occur

Precatuion

preventive measure

Precipitous

rapid, uncontrolled

Predispose

to make more susceptible or more likely to occur

Preexisting

already present

Primary

first or most significant

Priority

of great importance

Prognosis

the anticipated or expected course or outcome

Rationale

the underlying reason

Recur

to occur again

Restrict

to limit

Retain

to hold or keep

Site

location

Status

condition, state of

Strict

stringent, exact, complete

Supplement

to take in addition to or to complete

Suppress

to stop or subdue

Symmetric (symmetrical)

being equal or the same size, shape and realative position

Symptom

an indication of a problem

Untoward

adverse or negative

Urinate

to excrete or expel urine

Verbal

spoken using words

Vital

essential

Void

excrete, or expel urine

Volume

amount of space occupied by a fluid

Euphamism

an agreeable or pleasant statement

Febrile

having a fever

Circuit

lap/rotation

Audible

perceptible

Parameters

limits

Expectorate

spit

Breach

broken, ruptured or torn

Breech

buttocks first

Obtuse

ignorant

Lysis

decomposition

primary health care

widest scope of healthcare (ie. family doctor)

secondary health care

specialists (ie. cardiologist, dermatologist)

tertiary health care

specialized consultative care on referral from primary of secondary health provider (ie cancer care, plastic surgeon)

Spinster

an unmarried woman

Freud's superego

contains rigid rules

Milieu

environment

Medial

pertaining to the midline

Proximal

near attachment of the trunk

Sufperficial

toward the surface

Superior

toward the head

Abscess

pus forming a pocket

Anterior

frontal position

Anterposterior

frontal to back positioning

Caudad

related to the tail position

Cephalic

related to the head position

Cervicectomy

surgical removal of the cervix

Lateral

pertaining to the side

Inversion

turning inward

Inferior

bottom portion of the body

Infer

to figure something out based on evidence

Imcompatible

not well matched

Incomparable

too wonderful to be compared

Imply

to suggest without saying it directly

Eversion

turning outward

Distal

away from attachment to trunk

Compatible

well matched

Assertive

willing to say what you think is true

Assert

to make a statement that claims to be true

Abduction

away from the medial plane

Adduction

toward the medial plane

Anterior/ventral

near the front of the body

Abdominopelvic

cavity composed of the abdomen and pelvis

Absorption

movement of nutrients from the digestive tube into the bloodstream

Coronal lane

imaginary line passing through the body from the head to the feet divides the body into front and back portions

Diffusion

movement of materials form high concentration to lower concentration

Osmosis

the process of water going out of a cell memebrane from high pressure to low pressure

Endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

Enxymes

functional proteins, usually ending in ASE

Blood cells

formed elements

Midsagittal plane

an imaginary line dividing the body into right and left portions

Metabolism

the sum total of uses of atp in the body

Phagocytosis

engulfing of materials by certain cells of the body

transverse plane

an imaginary line dividing the body into top and bottom portions.

Vasoconstriction

a narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel

Vasodialation

a widening in the diameter of a blood vessel

SOAP format

S - patients symptoms O - results of exam A - diagnosis P - plan for follow up care

viscera

internal organs of all body cavities

acute

sudden in nature and severe

anthracosis

black lung

Pronation

turning the palm downward

supination

turning the palm upward

extension

straightening, action

flexion

bending, action

emotion

intense state of feelings

phobia

intense unreasonable fear

delusion

continued false belief

hallucinations

false impressions of vision, smell, sound, or taste

abrasion

injury to the integrity of the skin resulting in skin loss

acapnia

low level of carbon dioxide in the blood

acne

inflammation of the skin related to glands and hair

amenorrhea

no menstrual discharge

adenoiditis

inflammation of the adenoids

alopecia

bald condition

anorchism

absence of testis

anoxia

deficiency of oxygen

anuria

no urine production

aphonia

no voice

apnea

not breathing

atelectasis

abnormal expansion of lung

azoturia

elevated and excessive levels of nitrogen substrates and urea in the urine.

bronchogram

xray of the bronchi

carbuncle

skin disease associated with boils

caudal

related to the tail position

cellulitis

inflammation of connective tissue, associated with infection and fever

cephalic

related to the head position

cicatrix

scar

cyanosis

bluish color of the skin related to poor blood supply

contusion

bruising of tissue with no loss in skin integrity