Database management system (DBMS)
a group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs
Database administrator (DBA)
a skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization's database
Character
a basic building block of most information, consisting of upper-case letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols
Field
typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
Record
a collection of data fields all related to one object, activity, or individual
File
a collection of related records
Hierarchy of data
bits, characters, fields, records and databases
Entity (Tables)
a general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
Attribute (Columns)
a characteristic of an entity
Data item
the specific value of an attribute
Key
a field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record
Primary key
a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
Traditional approach to data management
an approach to data management whereby each distinct operational system uses data files dedicated to that system
Database approach to data management
an approach to data management where multiple information systems share a pool of related data
Data center
a climate-controlled building or a set of buildings that houses database servers and the systems that deliver mission-critical information and services
Data model
a diagram of data entities and their relationship
Enterprise data modeling
data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise
Entity-relationshop (ER) diagrams
data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of an relationships between data
Relational model
a database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files
Domain
the allowable values for data attributes
Selecting
manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain criteria
Projecting
manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table
Joining
manipulating data to combine two or more tables
Linking
the ability to combine two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes
Data cleanup
the process of looking for and fixing inconsistencies to ensure that data is accurate and complete
Schema
a description of the entire database
Data definition language (DDL)
a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database
Data dictionary
a detailed description of all the data used in the database
Concurrency control
a method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time
Data manipulation language (DML)
a specific language, provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports
Data administrator
a nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles or a variety issues
Data warehouse
a large database that collects business in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers, in support of management decision making
Data mart
a subset of a data warehouse that is used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making
Data mining
an information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse
Predictive analysis
a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan
Business intelligence (BI)
the process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics or operations
Competitive intelligence
one aspect of businesss intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics and operations
Counterintelligence
the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by "hostile" intelligence gatherers
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
software that allows users to explore data from a number of perspectives
Data loss presentation (DLP)
systems designed to lock down--to identify, monitory and protect--data within an organization
Distributed database
a database ins which the data can be spread across several smaller databases connected through telecommunications devices
Replicated database
a database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data
Object-oriented database
a database that stores both data and its processing instructions
Object oriented database management systems (OODBMS)
a group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs
Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)
a DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video and graphical data
Database management system (DBMS)
a group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs
Database administrator (DBA)
a skilled IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization's database
Character
a basic building block of most information, consisting of upper-case letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols
Field
typically a name, number, or combination of characters that describes an aspect of a business object or activity
Record
a collection of data fields all related to one object, activity, or individual
File
a collection of related records
Hierarchy of data
bits, characters, fields, records and databases
Entity (Tables)
a general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
Attribute (Columns)
a characteristic of an entity
Data item
the specific value of an attribute
Key
a field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record
Primary key
a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record
Traditional approach to data management
an approach to data management whereby each distinct operational system uses data files dedicated to that system
Database approach to data management
an approach to data management where multiple information systems share a pool of related data
Data center
a climate-controlled building or a set of buildings that houses database servers and the systems that deliver mission-critical information and services
Data model
a diagram of data entities and their relationship
Enterprise data modeling
data modeling done at the level of the entire enterprise
Entity-relationshop (ER) diagrams
data models that use basic graphical symbols to show the organization of an relationships between data
Relational model
a database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files
Domain
the allowable values for data attributes
Selecting
manipulating data to eliminate rows according to certain criteria
Projecting
manipulating data to eliminate columns in a table
Joining
manipulating data to combine two or more tables
Linking
the ability to combine two or more tables through common data attributes to form a new table with only the unique data attributes
Data cleanup
the process of looking for and fixing inconsistencies to ensure that data is accurate and complete
Schema
a description of the entire database
Data definition language (DDL)
a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database
Data dictionary
a detailed description of all the data used in the database
Concurrency control
a method of dealing with a situation in which two or more users or applications need to access the same record at the same time
Data manipulation language (DML)
a specific language, provided with a DBMS, which allows users to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports
Data administrator
a nontechnical position responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles or a variety issues
Data warehouse
a large database that collects business in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company's processes, products, and customers, in support of management decision making
Data mart
a subset of a data warehouse that is used by small and medium-sized businesses and departments within large companies to support decision making
Data mining
an information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse
Predictive analysis
a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan
Business intelligence (BI)
the process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics or operations
Competitive intelligence
one aspect of businesss intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics and operations
Counterintelligence
the steps an organization takes to protect information sought by "hostile" intelligence gatherers
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
software that allows users to explore data from a number of perspectives
Data loss presentation (DLP)
systems designed to lock down--to identify, monitory and protect--data within an organization
Distributed database
a database ins which the data can be spread across several smaller databases connected through telecommunications devices
Replicated database
a database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data
Object-oriented database
a database that stores both data and its processing instructions
Object oriented database management systems (OODBMS)
a group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs
Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)
a DBMS capable of manipulating audio, video and graphical data