Studies have shown that which amount of vitamin C along with zinc and arginine helps improve the rate of pressure ulcer healing?1. 250 mg2. 375 mg3. 500 mg4. 100 mg

3. 500 mg

Providing drinking straws is most appropriate for the client with which of the following problems?1. Swallowing difficulty2. Oral ulcerations3. Dry mouth4. Taste alterations

2. Oral ulcerations

Atrophy of the respiratory muscles associated with ventilator use is an example of:1. Disuse syndrome2. Vitamin-deficiency disease3. Oxygen toxicity4. Respiratory failure

1. Disuse syndrome

Which of the following food items act as lubricants for the person with swallowing difficulty?1. Vegetable soup, lasagna, and pickled beets2. Chicken gumbo soup, spaghetti with meat sauce, and milk toast3. Creamed herring, sauerkraut, and fruit cocktail4. Butter, cheese sauce, and gravy

4. Butter, cheese sauce, and gravy

Red and processed meat intake are related to increased risk of which types of cancer?1. Breast and bladder2. Esophageal and stomach3. Colon and prostate4. Endometrial and ovarian

3. Colon and prostate

Commercially prepared enteral solutions are preferred to homemade feeding for cancer patients because:1. Homemade products are more likely to plug the tubing than commercial products.2. The commercial products have a better taste in case vomiting follows administration.3. Caregivers' time can be better utilized than with blending foods and supplements.4. The commercially prepared solutions are less subject to contamination than a homemade feeding.

4. The commercially prepared solutions are less subject to contamination than a homemade feeding.

Some evidence suggests which of the following vegetables are specifically protective against cancer?1. Bean sprouts and water chestnuts2. Green beans and spinach3. Brussels sprouts and broccoli4. Corn and peas

3. Brussels sprouts and broccoli

To maximize food intake when a cancer client suffers from nausea and vomiting, the nurse should:1. Give liberal amounts of liquids with meals2. Administer antiemetic and analgesic drugs as needed3. Tempt the client with his or her favorite foods4. Distract the client after eating with mild exercise

2. Administer antiemetic and analgesic drugs as needed

The term for cancer of the epithelial tissue, such as the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, is:1. Metastasis2. Neoplasm3. Sarcoma4. Carcinoma

4. Carcinoma

The most extreme state of stress a client can sustain is a burn. Kilocalorie need in this situation depends which of the following?1. Body surface area involved2. Client's age3. Depth of the burn4. Amount of fluid lost

1. Body surface area involved

Alcohol intake has been convincingly linked to which of the following sites of cancer occurrence?1. Prostate2. Kidney3. Breast4. Stomach

3. Breast

Critical care patients with normal renal and liver function need at least ____ grams of protein per kg of ideal or actual body weight.1. 1.2 to 2.02. 5.5 to 6.53. 1 to 1.14. 0.8 to 1.2

1. 1.2 to 2.0

Wasting of the body seen in some chronic diseases such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis is called:1. Kwashiorkor2. Marasmus3. Protein-calorie malnutrition4. Cachexia

4. Cachexia

A client with cancer has painful lesions in his or her mouth. Which of the following snack items is most likely to be well tolerated?1. Tomato juice2. Chocolate milk3. Tiny cheese crackers4. Cream cheese on soda crackers

2. Chocolate milk

Predictive equations are used to determine a client's ____ goal.1. Electrolyte 2. Kilocalorie3. Mineral 4. Protein

2. Kilocalorie

The wasting that occurs in some cancer clients is attributed to:1. The treatments given2. Inability to absorb nutrients due to intestinal pressure3. Alteration in the body's metabolism produced by the tumor4. Poor appetite and taste changes

3. Alteration in the body's metabolism produced by the tumor

Regarding the connection between methods of cooking meat and the risk of cancer, which of the following statements is true?1. Consumption of rare meat is a recognized risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer.2. Individuals have genetic differences in enzymes that influence the activation of carcinogens.3. Microwaving inactivates carcinogens that form in protein foods during cooking.4. Pot-roasting and stewing produces carcinogens known to cause cancer in animals.

2. Individuals have genetic differences in enzymes that influence the activation of carcinogens.

Obesity is most clearly linked to which of the following cancers?1. Larynx2. Lung3. Postmenopausal breast4. Prostate

3. Postmenopausal breast

A temporary stoppage of peristalsis along with signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction is called paralytic ___1. Colitis2. Ileus3. Mesenteritis4. Peritonitis

2. Ileus

Which of the following is not an adaptive response of the body to uncomplicated starvation?1. Increased use of fatty acids for energy2. Heightened awareness3. Decreased urea nitrogen excretion4. Increased efficiency in reuse of amino acids

2. Heightened awareness

Ms. J is an alcoholic who has previously reported that she has not eaten "food" for at least the past 3 months. She stated that her sole source of kilocalories had been in the form of alcohol. The physician has ordered a high-kilocalorie, high-protein diet. Ms. J has eaten 100% of the three high-kilocalorie, high-protein meals received thus far. While reviewing her laboratory reports, the nurse notices her serum phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium values are decreased. The nurse should:1. Offer the client a 500-kcal complete nutritional supplement, which was previously ordered by the physician, sent up from the dietary department2. Contact the physician for an extra dose of thiamin and niacin3. Contact the client's physician and notify him or her of the recently obtained laboratory values4. Encourage the client to continue to eat the high-kilocalorie, high-protein diet as ordered

3. Contact the client's physician and notify him or her of the recently obtained laboratory values

A client with cancer suffers from early satiety. Which of the following interventions is recommended to increase his or her food intake?1. Offering six small meals2. Hand-feeding the client 3. Starting total parenteral nutrition4. Serving smooth, bland foods

1. Offering six small meals

The production of glucose from noncarbohydrate body sources, such as glycerol from adipose tissue and amino acids from muscle tissue, is called:1. Gluconeogenesis2. Glucosuria3. Glycogenolysis4. Lipolysis

1. Gluconeogenesis

Which of the following items is suggested as an additive for a client with a poor appetite to increase the nutritional value of regular foods?1. Olive oil2. Wheat germ3. Dry skim milk4. Brown sugar

3. Dry skim milk

In addition to cooking beef or pork in a microwave oven, using which of the following would be effective in minimizing metallic tastes?1. Glass utensils 2. Tabletop broiler 3. Wok4. Pressure cooker

1. Glass utensils

A person with burns over 55% of his or her body has a stress factor of 2. This means that he or she require1. Two grams of protein per kilogram of body weight2. Two times as much fat intake as usual3. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure4. 110 kilocalories per pound of body weight

3. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure

Experts advocate the following when refeeding a malnourished client:1. Progressing the rate, volume, and concentration of a tube feeding with every feeding2. Rapidly replenishing lost protein with foods of high biological value3. Correcting any electrolyte imbalances before aggressive nutritional therapy is begun4. Pushing a liberal intake of water and other hypotonic fluids

3. Correcting any electrolyte imbalances before aggressive nutritional therapy is begun

Refeeding syndrome can be fatal because of:1. The buildup of toxic waste products of metabolism2. Severe atrophy of the gastrointestinal tract during starvation3. The body's inability to rapidly convert excessive kilocalories to body fat stores4. Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments

4. Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments

Which of the following foods is likely to be well received by a cancer client with mouth ulcerations?1. Bread pudding with raisins2. Pasteurized eggnog3. Cold lemonade4. Hot tomato soup

2. Pasteurized eggnog

A client with cancer is experiencing difficulty swallowing. When teaching the client to make the process a conscious action, which of the following would the nurse instruct the client to do first?1. Swallow2. Inhale3. Exhale4. Tilt head to the side

2. Inhale