sympathetic division

Functions: alert, fast-active, running away from or to hunt

parasympathetic division

function: rest and digest

dual innervation

a given target organ typically receives signals from both branches

nerves

bundles of axons in the peripheral nervous system

effector organs

the organs that receive the signals

1

how many different pathways are there in the parasympathetic devision?

3

how many different pathways are there in the sympathetic division?

preganglionic neuron, acetylcholine, nicotinic cholinergic receptor on the postganglionic neuron, acetylcholine, muscarinic cholinergic receptor on the effector organ

pathway in the parasympathetic division

preganglionic neuon, acetylcholine, nicotinic cholenergic receptor on the postganglionic neuron, norepinephrine, adrenergic receptor on the effector organ

the 2 sympathetic division pathways that are the same follow this

preganglionic neuron, acetylcholine, nicotinic cholinergic receptor on the chromaffin cell of the adrenal gland, epinephrine, adrenergic receptor on the effector organ

the sympathetic pathway that is unlike the others

lower motor neuron

pathway in the somatic nervous system only have one cell and it is called the

acetylcholine

the first cell in the 4 autonomic pathways and the 1 somatic pathway all secret this

cholinergic

a receptor for acetylcholine is called

ligand-gated

nicotinic means that the receptor uses _____________ channels that allow sodium in and potassium out leading to an action potential

muscarinic

means that the receptor uses G protein coupled receptors ; the effect of the g protein depends on the target cell

linked to g proteins

all of the sympathetic target organs have adrenergic receptors which are

80% epinephrine, 20% norepinephrine, and small amount of dopamine

chromaffin cells release three types of catecholamines:

cAMP or IP3

possible second messengers that effectors with G proteins could use

#NAME?

5 differences between adrenergic receptors

neuroeffector junction

neuron to effector organ

neuromuscular junction

in the somatic division; neurons to skeletal muscle

the action potential occurs same as usual

the similarities between synapses and neuromuscular/ neuroeffector junctions

#NAME?

the difference between a synapse and a neuroeffector junctionthe overall effect from these two differences is that you get a spread of transmitter molecules that bind to a large area of the surface of the target cell or organ

#NAME?

3 differences between neuromuscular junctions and synapses

shorter

the difference between the 2 sympathetic pathways that are the same is that one preganglionic neuron is ________ than the other

sympathetic chain; multiple; multiple effector organs

the shorter preganglionic neuron leads to a synapse in the ______________; here the signal can go to _________ postganglionic neurons and therefore ___________

collateral ganglia; specific

the longer preganglionic neuron leads to a synapse in the ____________; this will have a more ________ set of target organs

#NAME?

2 similarities between subtype of adrenergic receptors

varicosity

the acetylcholine will bind to the acetylcholinesterase and then when it unbinds it will separate into choline and acetate; the choline goes back into the _______ to be reused

back

the norepinephrine goes ____ into the varicosity after depolarizing the effector organ

increase

the sympathetic leads to an _______ in heart rate and blood pressure; the parasympathetic does the opposite

dilation; cranial; constriction; circular

the sympathetic division leads to ______ of the eye using the __________ muscle; the parasympathetic leads to _________ of the eye using the ______ muscle

does not

dual innervation _______ always occur

intermixed

the muscle fibers that are innervated by muscle neurons are ________ with each other so that they are not clumped together