pharmacogenomics
study o the variabilty of therapeutic dose responses in people or pops due to polymorphism in the proteins involved in drug metabolism or the drug target
identification, polymorphisms, therapy, outcomes, drug effects, prediction, selection, dosing, medicine, personalized
pharmacogenomics can include: __ and characterization of candidate ___;;;coreelation of polymorphisms with __, clinical__, and ___ ___;;;development of diagnostic tools for __ or drug resonse or ___ and __ of drugs based on polymorphisms;;;genomic ___(int
pharmacogenomics, 1950s, differences, polymorphisms, metabolism, therapeutic, single
pharmacogenetics--a subset of ___; began in __w/ studies linking genetic ___ (___)in drug ___ w/ ___treatments;;;;genetics involved __ gene studies
genetic polymorphism
stably inherited mutation. the frequency required for maintaining a polymorphism in a human population is usually >1% (<1% SNP wouldn't be mapped out); some reference to norm is usually considered to define a polymorphism. a genetic polymorphism gives ris
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism
single gene studies
genetics invlove __ __ __
population, generalized, response, drugs, genome
pharmacogenomics is __ based (collect genomic info from many people), apply __ results by statistical analysis to predict an individuals' __ to __;;analysis is done on __wide scale
don't change, changes
genotypes ____. metabolism__
1.4 million
__ __SNPs are estimated to exist
computer
tomorrows pharmacogenomics: ___ based
metabolism
computationally based pharmacogenomics: virtual human __ by modeling
virtual human metabolism by modeling
___ __ __ by modeling: calculated for the individual, genetic polymorphisms analyzed and predicted; apply calculated responses to tailor drug results to the individual
missense mutations
TCT codon encodes serine (TCT>TAT mutation encodes tyrosine)
non-sense mutations
GGA codon encodes glycine (GGA>TGA mutation endcodes STOP)
slow, isoniazid, fast, isoniazid
N-acetyltransferase: ____ acetylation of ___; (egyptians and med jews; 40-60% caucasians);;___acetylation of ___: (eskimos and asians)
CYP2D6
metabolized many drugs
CYP2D6
deficiency in this ___: caucasians 5-10%, asians 2%, arabics 1%
CYP2C19
metabolizes S-mephenyltoin
S-mephenyltoin
CYP2C19; metabolizes _____
CYP2C19
(deficiency in this::3-6% caucasians, 14-22% asians)
drug metabolizers, drug transport, peripheral targets
mutations that may affect drug therapy: ___, __,___
drug metabolizers
cytochrome P45Os, glucoronylation enzymes, sulfation enzymes
peripheral targets
s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, inhibited by AIDS drugs
amplichip
CYP450 test