proximal
reception of ingested food and storage of contents is a function of the ______ stomach
distal
mixing/grinding of contents and controlled propulsion into the duodenum are functions of the _______ stomach
acid chyme
a liquid mix of food, pepsin and HCl (gastric acid)
concentric spheres
ingestia is formed into _________ at it is taken into the stomach
acid chyme- pylorus
as food spreads out during ingestion the most liquified food becomes ______ and travels to the _______
tonic
the basic motility pattern of the proximal stomach is _____
proximal
there is no peristalsis in the ______ stomach
circular
the tonic contractions of the stomach are dominated by ______ smooth muscle
contracted
the circular smooth muscle of the stomach slowly becomes more _______ during a meal
distally
main action of tonic contractions is to slowly force digesta ________
receptive relaxation
a continuation of primary or secondary esophageal peristalsis into the proximal stomach
inhibitory
______ effector neurons from the vagus relax the proximal circular smooth muscle of the stomach during a meal
accommodation
_______ allows tension in the stomach wall to increase significantly without an increase in intragastric pressure
tension
______ receptors signal to the CNS when pressure in the stomach wall increases
inhibitory
tension receptor firing ultimately causes vagal ______ effector neurons to signal to the stomach circular muscle
LES
accommodation of the stomach wall prevents increase back-pressure to the _____
antrum
propulsion of food occurs via steady pressure toward the pyloric ______ after the stomach is filled
decreased- increased
stomach emptying reduces wall tension causing ______ inhibitory effector tone and ______ circular smooth muscle tone
peristalsis
the basic motility pattern of the distal stomach is ______ driven by a pacemaker in the stomach mid-region
propulsion
in the ______ stage of emptying there is a peristaltic ring at the mid-stomach propelling digesta to the pylorus
emptying
in the ______ stage of emptying there is a peristaltic ring at mid-antrum and acid chyme moves out of the pylorus
retropulsion
in the ______ stage of emptying there is a peristaltic ring at the distal antrum and reflux of solid material causing mixing
increased- ulcers
pigs fed ground meal have _______ reflux of acid chyme causing _____
quickly
the stomach empties more ______ when full
gastric volume, food presence
increased _______ and ________ are stimuli for gastric motility
neural
stimulatory control of gastric motility and emptying is mediated by ______ activity
mechano
______receptors monitor gastric volume
chemo
______receptors detect amino acids, pH and osmolarity
ENS
general visceral afferent activation of the CNS leads to increase vagus output via _____ effectors
colon
afferent activation in the stomach leads to increased ______ motility outside of the stomach
gastric motility, emptying
afferent activation in the stomach leads to increased _______ and ______ within the stomach
ENS
afferent activation in the stomach leads to local ______ activation
filling
gastrin releasing peptide neurons respond to _______ of the stomach