carnegie/ innovations
Steel
collective barganining
The right of unions to negotiate with managment for workers as a group.
ellis island/ angle island
Ellis Island- an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States.The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1
fed government response to scabs
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gilded age
1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
gospel of wealth
This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.
homestead strike
Strike at Andrew Carnegie's steel plant in which Pinkerton detectives clashed with steel workers
horizontal consolidation
The process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company
immigrants
People who have left the country of their birth to live in another country
jacob riis
A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.
labor issues/ child labor
Children would go to school till they were done with fifth grade if they had money the would go on in school if they did not they would go into factory working. Did not get a lot of money and poor conditions
laissez-faire capitalism
This was the style of capitalism in which the government had no interference with the economy
muckrakers
This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt.
nativism
a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones
progressive era
Period of reform from 1890s-1920s. Opposed waste and corruption while focusing on the general rights of the individual. Pushed for social justice, general equality, and public safety. Significants in this movement included trust-busting, Sherman Anti-trus
railroads/innovations
Put cattle on railroad to be shipped instead of having to herb them
robber baron/ captaion of industry
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rockefeller/innovations
Oil
sherman anti-trust act
First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions
social darwinism
The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion.
strike-breaking (scabs)
Pullman strike
thomas nast
Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed.
triangle shirtwaist
A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regula
vertical integration
Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
checago- meaning chicago hub
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columbian exposition/ worlds fair
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ferris wheel
rotating mechanism consisting of a large upright wheel with suspended seats that remain upright as the wheel turns (george ferris)
great chicago fire
a fire in 1871 that killed hundreds, left thousands homeless, and destroyed a third of Chicago;lets chicago rebuild and start over new
haymarket riot
100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bom
jane addams/hull house
Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak Englis
microcosm
a miniature world; something that resembles something else on a very small scale
mudpile to metropolis
Chicago started as a bog and transformed into a model city hub
pullman/ strike/ innovation
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sears/ward innovations
skyscrapers
union stockyards
opened in 1856, covered 30-40 acres, it sold pigs/cattle/sheep, gave Chicago the nickname "Porkopolis" from 1860-1920, railroads had easy access to it, used "everything but the squeal", very dirty and unsanitary
upton sinclair/ "the jungle
The author who wrote a book about the horrors of food productions in 1906, the bad quality of meat and the dangerous working conditions.
William B. Ogden
First mayor of Chicago, Ogden Ave. is named after him
chicago school of architecture
Was led by Louis H. Sullivan. It used cheap steel, reinforced concrete, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers and office buildings lacking of any exterior ornamentation. (935)
daniel burnham urban plan
a leading architect and city planner, produced a magnificent plan for redesigning Chicago
form follows function
is the famous dictum of Louis Henry Sullivan which became the slogan of modern architecture.
home insurance building
The first skyscraper created in Chicago in 1885
load-bearing construction
exterior walls and interior columns bore the construction (structure weight)
louis sullivan
United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase 'form follows function' (1856-1924)
skyscrapers
tall steel frame buildings, which were a big part of the USA's new urban environment
steel-frame construction
a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique mad
tenements
Urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed and overcrowded.
victorian homes
Resemble English style houses
william le baron jenny
United States architect who designed the first skyscraper in which a metal skeleton was used (1832-1907)
ashcan art
This school of art evolved during the early years of the twentieth century in New York City and was the first important American art movement of the twentieth century. Departing from the staid portraiture and genteel landscapes of the nineteenth century,
impressionism
a school of late 19th century French painters who pictured appearances by strokes of unmixed colors to give the impression of reflected light
victorian fashion
women's gowns developed narrow and sloping shoulders, low and pointed waists, and bell-shaped skirts
victorian manners / morals
Polite and elogant lifestyle