Homeostasis
The body's tendency to maintain a stable internal state
Set Point theory
argues that each individual has a biologically determined body weight or "fat thermostat" that is set by genetics either at birth or shortly thereafter. pgs. 89-91 & 99
Positive Psychology
Looks at people mental health and the quality of their lives to ask "what could be." It seeks to build people's strengths and competencies. Positive psychology tries to encourage flourishing--high levels of emotional, psychological, and social well being
Ways to increase gratitude and happiness
example in class of when we wrote down 3 things that day we were thankful for. Study showed that people who did that everyday were much happier.
History of motivational theory
Origin--Ancient greeks
(Socrates, plato, Aristotle) historical view of motivation study allows us to consider how the concept of motivation came to prominence, how it changed and developed, how ideas were challenged and replaced, and finally, how the fiel
influences on addiction (conditioning)
Classical Conditioning: environmental stimuli become associated with drug use and trigger cravings
Operant Conditioning: Drugs use is motivated by pursuing drug highs or escaping from drug lows.
Lecture 13 (towards the end of drug abuse, before addiction)
(influences on addiction) priming
reinstatement of a strong drug craving with a single dose of alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, or heroin. ex) The first drink of alcohol increases the desire for a second drink, or the first cigarette increases the desire for a second cigarette
influences on addiction (goal theories)
Individuals can cognitively decide whether to expose themselves to drug stimuli.
4 stages of motivation for change:
1. a person willfully contemplates
2. prepares
3. executes
4. maintains change (stop using drugs)
Factors that influence eating behavior (environmental & media)
Environmental influences that affect eating behavior: the time of day, stress, and the sight, smell, appearance, and taste of food.
Eating behavior increases significantly with variety: variety of foods, a variety of nutrients, and a variety of tastes
Med
The most common daily emotion
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Temperament
refers to those aspects of an individual's personality, such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as innate rather than learned.
Challenging negative self-concept
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Self-management
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Facial expressions of emotion
Facial feedback hypothesis asserts that the subjective aspect of emotion is actually the awareness of proprioceptive feedback from facial actions. According to the strong version of this hypothesis, posed facial expression activate specific emotions. Acco
How your brain learns
We learn by growing new dendrites. Learning = growth of dendrites. Dendrites take time to grow, they start growing when you do something for the first time, and it grows each time you practice whatever that is.
influences on addiction (affective forecasting)
Def-- predicting how you will feel in the future.
Those who were high on impulsiveness also had greater expectations of the pleasurableness of smoking and were found to smoke more frequently and be less motivated to quit (Doran et al., 2007)