Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the __________ heart sound that occurs when the __________
lubb (S1); ventricles contract
Monocytes differentiate into large phagocytic cells called macrophages.
True
Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger?
cAMP activates protein kinases
Many hours after a meal and during fasting, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.
glucagon; raises
Pericardial fluid is found between the __________ and the __________.
parietal; visceral membranes
Type II diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production due to an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
They release their secretions into the blood.
Regardless of whether the cause of stress is psychological or physiological, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.
True
The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system.
thyroid gland
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.
anterior pituitary
Nitric oxide is secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuses to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulates their physiology. Which of the following terms best describes its role?
Paracrine
When the left ventricle contracts, the __________ valve closes and the __________ valve is pushed open
mitral; aortic
Hypoxia stimulates the production of EPO by the kidneys to increase hematocrit
True
The hormone called _________ plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.
melatonin
Atrial natriuretic peptide secretion increases when blood volume increases in the heart. When would this most likely occur?
Atrial diastole
What is not a steroid hormone?
Insulin
What hormone enters a target cell's nucleus and acts directly on the genes?
Estrogen
Which of the following is true about the long absolute refractory period of cardiocytes?
prevents tetanus
Blood clots in the limbs put a patient most at risk for __________.
pulmonary embolism
The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by __________.
alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine
Where are most RBCs recycled?
Spleen and liver
NSAIDS like aspirin and ibuprofen block the formation of prostaglandins by inhibiting the
action of cyclooxygenase
The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes ___________ that increases blood glucose levels.
cortisol
Both type I and type II diabetics can have polyuria due to osmotic diuresis.
True
The posterior pituitary releases two hormones that are made in the hypothalamus. Which one of the following is one of these hormones?
oxytocin (OT)
The number of __________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
neutrophils
The __________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the _________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.
atria; ventricles
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by low metabolic rate, sluggishness, and sleepiness
False
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________.
Kidneys
Correct comparison between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems.
Nerves are found throughout the body and therefore have effects that are more widespread than hormones
Oxygen-poor blood passes through the _________.
right AV (tricuspid) and pulmonary valves
Eicosanoids, precursors to prostaglandins, are derived from __________ in the cell membrane.
arachidonic acid
In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the __________.
T-wave
Growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin, promotes secretion of IGF which together help bones to grow. Where is growth hormone made?
anterior pituitary
Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?
ACTH
Cardioinhibitory centers in the __________ receive input from __________.
medulla oblongata; chemoreceptors in the aortic arch
The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called the __________.
cardiac output
Plasma protein keeps the water in the plasma by osmosis. Which of the following is the most abundant protein in plasma?
Albumin
The extrinsic mechanism of coagulation differs from the intrinsic in that the extrinsic depends on __________ to begin.
damaged vessels
Atrial depolarization causes the _________.
P wave
Addison's disease is characterized by hyperglycemia from too much cortisol.
True
Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
The absence of iodine in the diet leads to goiter as a result of __________.
hypothyroidism
The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to __________.
the end-diastolic volume
Alexander Graham Bell had stomach illness that led to pernicious anemia. Which of the following compounds is deficient in this disease?
vitamin B12
The structures in the aortic and carotid bodies that monitor blood pressure are called..
Baroreceptors
The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention
adrenal cortex; aldosterone
Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.
thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary
Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one's physical or emotional well-being is called __________.
Stress
Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.
True