What is the best definition of polymorphonuclear?
multi-lobed nucleus
The surrogate light chain is expressed in:
pre-B cells
What enzyme is found in tears and can directly lyse bacteria?
Lysozyme
TGF-Beta is produced by what cell?
Treg Cells
The "CD" in CD3 and all other CD proteins stands for:
Cluster of differentiation
What cell type has to stay in the secondary lymphoid tissue to carry out it's function?
Tfh
Antibody and complement have partially overlapping functions and are often compared to each other. When they bind to antigen, antibody forms a ______ bond, and complement forms a ______ bond.
non-covalent; covalent
What is the ligand for CTLA-4?
B7
What will be the end result if NK cells are outnumbered by DC in their synergistic interaction?
NK cells will cause DC to mature and activate adaptive immune response
What is the usual antibody isotype secreted by B-1 B lymphocytes?
IgM
What stage of B lymphocyte development are the RAG proteins expressed?
pre-B and pro-B cells
The TLR family that recognizes ______ is located in cell endosomal membranes
nucleic acids
What two cell types participate in linked recognition?
B lymphocytes and T helper lymphocytes
The ability of complement products to activate blood endothelial cells and initiate inflammation properly defines it's function as:
an Anaphylatoxin
B cells activated by soluble self-antigen in the bone marrow will undergo:
clonal anergy
The spleen is a (primary/secondary) lymphoid tissue
secondary
Polyspecific antibody is verbally associated with ____ isotype
IgM
Which macrophage cytokine can trigger systemic shock if released in too high quantity throughout the body?
TNF-alpha
(when your appendix ruptures, TNF-alpha is released in the system)
What is the dominant signal which controls eventual phenotypic/functional subset choice of a naive T lymphocyte following activation?
cytokines around the T cell
What is the main role of TLR in immune function
activate inflammatory cytokine production
What percentage of developing B cells are successful in light chain gene rearrangement?
85%
C3b is a critical amplification component of the complement system since if can trigger the activation of the _____ pathway.
alternative
Of CD19, CD21, and CD81, which functions as a complement receptor?
CD21
How do you correctly describes "respiratory burst"?
consumption of O2 by phagocytic cells
What is the major function/role of activated CD8 T lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T cells
This antibody is always produced as a pentamer:
IgM
Which T cell is the major source of IL-5?
Th2
Beta-2-microglobulin is:
a structural component of MHC Class I
Receptor Editing is preformed by B lymphocytes in an attempt to prevent ______ selection
negative
What complement fragment is produced by degradation of C3b by factor I?
iC3b
Type IV hypersensitivities are caused by what immune mechanism?
CD4 and/or CD8 T lymphocytes
Which immune cells have been shown to cause an autoimmune disease?
CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells
Which protein is associated with autoimmunity when it is mutated, absent, or somehow reduced in function?
FoxP3
An HLA allele has a calculated relative rise of 0.2 for Grave's Disease. That means if you have that allele, you have ______ risk of developing the disease compared to the general public.
lower, (less than 1 is lower, greater is higher)
Epitope Spreading in autoimmune diseases:
is responsible for chronic worsening of autoimmune disease the longer the person has it, and can be attributed to sloppy linked recognition between B and T cells
True or False:
Monoclonal antibody preparations are a mixture of antibody isotopes and affinities
False
Acute disease flares of systemic lapis, which of the following assays will have a higher test result in patients?
C-Reactive protein
Which anti-dsDNA titers would correlate with more serve disease in a patient previously diagnosed with Lupus?
1:2560
Anti-CCp autoantibody is associated with which autoimmune dissent?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
True or False:
The agglutination test for rheumatoid factor is specific for RA diagnosis
false
The RF test must be positive in order for a person with appropriate symptoms to be diagnosed with RA
false
Most autoimmune diseases are associated with what type of hypersensitivity to self antigens?
Type II
Hashimoto's Disease is due to what type of hypersensitivity?
Type IV
Which disease results from autoimmune destruction not the pancreatic beta?
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease that results in cobalamin deficiency?
Pernicious anemia
Myelin basic protein is one of the two most common auto antigens targets in which autoimmune disease?
Multiple Sclerosis
An immediate hypersensitivity is the same as ________ hypersensitivity
Type I
Histamine is responsible for many of the symptoms of what type of hypersensitivity?
Type I
What is a disadvantage to the Skin Prick Test for allergies?
testing is traumatic to the patient, the patient must discontinue the use of antihistamine for 48 hours, there is potential of inducing systemic anaphylactic shock
Serum sickness can be a symptom of which type of hypersensitivity?
Type III
Which hypersensitivity initiates inflammation?
All of them!
Which stage of syphilis can present with a well-defined painless ulcerated lesion with red raised borders, usually on the genitals?
Primary Syphilis
In nontreponemal tests for syphilis, the reagin antibody in the patient serum is binding to:
cardiolipin
Charcol particles are a common component of the test reagent for which test for syphilis?
RPR
The causative agent for Lyme Disease is:
Borrelia burgdorferi
The confirmatory test for Lyme Disease is:
Western Blot Assay
Heterophile antibody is associated with what infection?
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Epstein-Barr Viruses infects nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and _______.
B lymphocytes
Besides immunocompromised patients what other population is highly susceptible to CMV and Rubella?
babies; in utero
Which herpes family virus persist in a latent state in myeloid cells such as macrophages?
CMV
What is the usual target tissue for HSV-2?
Genital Epithelium
Which hepatitis strand is transmitted by contaminated blood/body fluids?
HBV,HCV, HDV
Parenteral transmission is the same as:
Blood/Body fluid route
A positive EIA test for which of the following would most correlate with past infection and immunity to a virus?
A. Vitral Protein Ag
B. IgG anti-virus antibody
C. IgM anti-virus antibody
IgG anti-virus antibody
What perfect of human HAV infections become chronic infections?
0%
For HBV, what age group has the greatest likelihood of chronic infections?
infant (less than a year)