Definition of IPE
Interprofessional Education occurs when 2 or more professions learn with, from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of care
Difference between multidisciplinary and interprofessional
In multidisciplinary, everyone works on the same job but do not work together (parfait). Interprofessional is working together (Smoothie).
Uniprofessional Practice
*One provider working independently to care for a patient. There is little awareness or acknowledgement or practice outside of one's own discipline. Practitioners may consult with other providers but retain independence.
* Members or students of a single
Multiprofessional Practice
.*Appropriate experts from different professions handle different aspects of a patient's care independently. The patient's problems are subdivided and treated separately, with each provider responsible for his/her own area. (MPP)
*Members or students of t
Interprofessional Practice
*The provision of health care by providers from different professions in a coordinated manner that addresses the needs of the patient(s). Providers share mutual goals, resources, and responsibility for patient care. (IPP)
*An educational approach that occ
Transdisciplinary Approach
Requires each team member to become familiar enough with the concepts and approaches of his/her colleagues to "blur the lines" and enable the team to focus on the problem with collaborative analysis and decision?making.
Shared Course
A cross?listed or co?listed course attended by multiple disciplines.
Shared Placement
Multiple disciplines co?located at a clinical or community placement site which may or may not include integrated learning opportunities.
Parallel Learning
Similar to parallel practice in which students from different professions contribute to patient care but with minimal communication among them; parallel learning exists when there are similar educational activities but minimal cross?disciplinary student c
Why does IPE matter?
We are health professionals! We must learn and practice team work and collaboration as a student, so it becoming a part of our practice as a health professional. Health professions have embedded IPE into their standards. Healthcare reform is transitioning
Professional socialization
Students often do not know where they "fit".: Their professional preparation and practice standards are that of health care providers. However, they are so early in their programs, they do not yet have the knowledge and skills of their profession. Unless
Benefits and barriers of IPE for students, faculty and programs.
*Benefits: Provides a vehicle to introduce foundational behaviors and codes of ethics in the greater context of interprofessional core competencies.
*Enables deconstruction of negative stereotypes and socialization of students to their future roles as hea
Features of SLU IPE (domains and premises)
*IPE has become an instrument to improve the understanding of collaborative patient?centered care among the faculty, staff and students at SLU
*Instrumental in faculty recruitment and development
*Helped health profession students become quickly integrate
The five domains of SLU IPE:
1. Interprofessional Practice
2. Patient Centered Care
3. Wellness
4. Patient Safety and Quality Care
5. Social Justice
Premises
*IPE learning augments specific knowledge and skills required for each health profession
*IPE learning is based on University mission, professional curricula goals, and identified needs of improvement of health outcomes
*IPE learning experiences are integ
Organizations the support and disseminate IPE research
Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative
http://www.cihc.ca/
� American Interprofessional Health Collaborative
http://www.aihc?us.org/
� NationalCenterfor Interprofessional Practice and Education
https://nexusipe.org/
� CentreForThe Advancement Of
IPCP definition and benefits
*When multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, care gives, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care
*Benefits- Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPCP) helps strengthen the
IPEC competencies
*Focus on transformation of health professions education
Interactive learning outside one's profession (about, from, with)
*Prepare health professions for deliberate work together to improve care and outcomes
Features of the Triple Aim
*Individual Care and Outcomes
*Population/Community Health
*Cost effective care
Continuum of collaboration
Independent Parallel Practice ? Consultation/referral ? Independent co-provider care
Define evidence based practice
The process of combining the best available research evidence with your knowledge and skill to make collaborative, patient-centered decisions within a given healthcare situation.
What is a peer reviewed article?
*Process to assess the quality of articles submitted for publication in a professional journal
1. Author of an article submits it to a journal.
2. The journal editor sends the article to experts in the field (peers)
3. These impartial reviewers evaluate t
When are peer reviewed articles used vs. textbooks or websites?
*Move to information sources related to your field
*Textbooks good for classes, background info
*Use professional organization web sites
*Heavily used for course assignments and patient care, usually articles in past 5-10 years
*Best source for latest res
What is PICO?
Patient
Intervention--what you want to do with the patient
Comparison--compare one treatment to another?
Outcome--what do you want to achieve for patient?
Define medical professionalism
Professionalism is the basis of medicine's social contract with society. Both medicine and society have legitimate expectations. Medicine's obligations arise from societal expectations. There are consequences if these expectations are not met.
Roles of a health care provider and their social contract
*Healer: Caring/Compassion, Listening/Communication, Insight, Openness, Respect for the healing function, Respect patient dignity/autonomy, Presence/Accompany
*Professional: Autonomy, Professional Regulation, Responsibility to society, Team work, Accounta
Society's expectations of health professionals
*Competence: to fulfill the role of the healer, assured competence, timely access to care
*Ethics: Respect for patient autonomy, altruistic service, morality, integrity, honesty, accountability and transparency
*Trust: Team health care, source of objectiv
Professional regulations
*State sanctioned authorities: major regulatory role, set and maintain standards, discipline, advise public
*They must: demonstrate morality and virtue, assure competence, be open and transparent, be governed by an institutional code
Self-Regulation
*Obligation (individual): maintain competence, participate in and submit to the process of self-regulation, support professional associations and regulatory bodies, ensure their integrity
*Obligation (collective): demonstrate morality and virtue, assure c
What makes the difference between a good v. great professional?
*They have strong education and training
*Knowledge and experience feed their reasoning
*They are excellent communicators
*They are compassionate
*They demonstrate the highest ethical standards
Definition and types of communication important to interprofessional practice
*"The imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing or signs"
*Goal- "to achieve successful information transfer and exchange"
*Informing and advising
*Active listening
*Educating
*Collaborating
*Coordinating
*Decision
Unique features of team communication
*Two people communicating- Dyadic; repore building empathy, A just to B
*Most people- team: any combination of a to b or c and d
*Communication is the most important 'procedure' in medicine
Keys to good communication
*Think about what you say
*Use terminology that is understandable
*Avoid discipline-specific terminology
*Avoid acronyms
*Confirm in writing if necessary
*Use respectful language
*When talking about and with team at all times
*Communicate- don't transact
Characteristics of successful teams
*Cohesiveness
*Healthy Climate
*Team Members' Contribution
*Group Work Skills
*Shared Leadership
*Innovative Thinking
*Change Compatibility
Lencioni's 5 dysfunctions of a team
*Absence of Trust ? Invulnerability
*Fear of Conflict ? Artificial Harmony
*Lack of Commitment ? Ambiguity
*Avoidance of Accountability ? Low Standard
*Inattention to Results ? Status and Ego
Kaner - Decision making
*Full Participation - Members speak up in meeting, take risks, brainstorm freely
*Mutual Understanding- Members realize they may not agree all the time, look for consensus
*Inclusive Solutions - Try to incorporate everyone's interests into all decisions
*
Definition of health literacy
*The ability to read and comprehend prescription bottles, appointment slips and other essential health-related materials required to successfully function as a patient.
*The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand
Problems associated with poor health literacy
*Adherence problem
*Improper medication use
*Compromise or adverse outcomes
*Increased health care costs
*Missed appointments
*Unwarranted fear
Strategies to increase provider-patient communication
*Be aware of health literacy
*Watch for non-verbal communication
*Use quality interpreters
*Talk less and listen more
*Use plain language
Definition of conflict
*An expressed struggle between two or more parties:
*have or perceive incompatible goals
*there are scarce rewards, and
interference from the other party in achieving their goals
Effect of silence in conflict in health care
*Three topics harder to discuss:
*Dangerous shortcuts
*Rule based deficits by supervisors, by peers
*Incompetence
*Knowledge and/or skill based deficits
*Disrespect
*Interpersonal based deficits
Of medication errors caused by mistakes in interpersonal communication
60%
Of physicians who have seen harm come to patients as a result of unaddressed concerns
20%
Of clinical providers who have one or more teammates who gossip or are part of a clique that divides the team
88%
Of health care workers confront colleagues about their concerns
10%
of nurses have concerns about dangerous shortcuts, incompetence, and disrespect
88%
of nurses say that shortcuts have led to near misses or harm
50%
of nurses say that incompetence has lead to near misses or harm
33%
of nurses say that disrespect has prevented them from getting others to listen to or respect their professional opinion
66%
Why addressing conflict is important
It is about the patient
Sources of conflict and strategies for managing conflict on health care teams
Strategies
1- determine the source of the conflict
2- identify and implement the appropriate Strategy to resolve the conflict
Source of conflict: information
*Misinformation
*Deficiency of information
*Misrepresentation of information
*The message is not received
*Instructions are misinterpreted
*Differing information bias
Source of Conflict:personal differences
*Perceptions
*Expectations
*Socialization process (personal and professional)
*Cultural and family traditions
*Levels of education
*Breadth of experience
Source of Conflict: role incompatibility
*Techniques
*Procedures
*Variation of techniques and procedures
Source of Conflict: environmental stress
*Resource scarcity
*Uncertainty
*Organizational change
*Uncertainty
Strategies for addressing conflict
*Forcing response
*Accommodating response
*Avoiding response
*Compromising response
*Collaborating response
Features of good team communication
Working off each other
Importance of including the patient/family in the health care team
Keep them involved and feeling important
Advocate
is one who pleads the cause of another; and a patient advocate is an advocate for clients' rights
What role does an advocate have?
the health professional protects the client's human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises
Give examples of advocacy
providing additional information for a patient who is trying to decide whether or not to accept a treatment
Personal Advocacy
*Share your knowledge and information others
*Don't be an information silo where info comes in, but never comes out again
*Volunteer
*Get involved in volunteer opportunities both in and outside the office
*Create your professional portfolio
*A professiona
Patient advocacy
*In health care, the actions of an advocate are to inform and support
*An advocate informs clients of their rights in a particular situation, and provides them with the information needed to make an informed decision.
Steps to becoming an effective patient advocate
*Make sure the client agrees to receiving the information
*Either have the necessary information or know how to get it
*Want the client to have the information
*Present the info in a way that is meaningful to the client
*Trust
*Accept the fact that there
Barriers to patient advocacy
*The most common attributes is conflict of interest between the health professional's responsibility to the patient and their duty to the institution where they are employed
*Other barriers
*Lack of support and lack of power
*Threats of punishment
*Histor
Strategies for overcoming barriers
*The biggest barrier most health professionals face when acting as a patient advocate are institutional barriers
*You must know the definition of your scope of practice in both your practice state, and their healthcare facility
*How the health professiona
Use of Narratives in Advocacy
*Narratives are the systems of stories that compose our human histories and identities
*Healthcare narrative methods are the carefully designed prompts and processes that elicit these stories, in ways that positively impacts health, care,, and healing
*Na
Use of an Elevator Pitch
*An elevator pitch is a brief, persuasive speech that you use to spark interest in what your organization does
*You can also use them to create interest in a project, idea, or product-or in yourself
*A good elevator pitch should last no linger than a shor
PT
*Pediatrics/geriatrics/acute care/sports medicine/etc.
*Rehab with exercise in a functional capacity
Nursing
*Daily care for people until they can care for themselves
*Work in variety of environments
MI
*Delivering radiation treatment prescribed by doctor
*Therapy, no diagnostics with it
PA
*Practice medicine on patients from birth until death
*Under supervision of a physician
MLS
*Works in a hospital lab performing tests
*Helps physician with diagnostics or identification of diseases
Health management
*Can work in any environment required
*Don't treat patients, but manage data
*Help healthcare operations, clinical decision making, board decisions, etc.
OT
*Treats clients/patients with a disability to develop their skills into what they need/want to do
*Injuries from birth or accident