urology
the branch of medicine and physiology concerned with the function and disorders of the urinary system
urologist
a physician who has specialized knowledge and skill regarding problems of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs
kidney
filter the blood to remove waste products
renal pelvis
acts as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter
nephron (smallest unit of the kidney)
responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine
ureters
the ducts by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder
bladder
an expandable muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted out of the body through the urethra
urethra
tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body
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three phases of urine production
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terms associated with emptying the bladder
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urine specimen types
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
cystocele
displacement of the bladder against the vaginal wall
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
cystoscopy
process of visually examining the bladder
vesical
pertaining to the bladder
ureterectasis
dilation of ureter
ureterorrhagia
bleeding from the ureter
urethrostenosis
narrowing of the urethra
anuria
no urine formation
dysuria
painful urination
hematuria
blood in the urine
nocturia
frequent urination at night
enuresis
bedwetting
oliguria
decreased urination
pyuria
pus in the urine
urinary incontinence
no control over excretory functions
urinary retention
inability of the bladder to empty completely during urination
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
hydronephrosis
accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis due to a blockage of urine flowing through the ureters; blockage caused by stones or stricture (narrowing) of the ureter
lithotripsy
crushing of kidney stones tiny enough to be eliminated without surgical removal
hyperproteinuria
excessive protein in the urine
hypoproteinemia
decreased protein in the blood because the protein is being excreted in the urine
polycystic kidney disease
cysts gradually replace normal renal tissue
acute renal failure
comes on suddenly and is of short duration
chronic renal failure
comes on gradually and is of long duration
end-stage renal failure
final stage of renal failure
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney because of a urinary tract infection that spreads to the kidneys
renal calculi
A stone that develops from crystals that form in urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney, in the renal pelvis, or in the ureters
hemodialysis
a dialysis machine and a special filter called an artificial kidney, or a dialyzer, are used to clean your blood
peritoneal dialysis
a way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do the job adequately. A cleansing fluid flows through a tube (catheter) into part of your abdomen and filters waste products from your blood
fistula
an abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs